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物理竞赛中常设置刚性物系相关速度的试题,本文将它们归纳成三类:1.绳、杆约束物系的接触点速度;2.接触物系的接触点速度;3.相交物系的交叉点速度。解决这三类问题时除依据共同的运动法则和刚体性质以外,本文对这三类问题各给出一条解题原则,即1.刚性杆、绳上各点在同一时刻具有相同的沿杆、绳的分速度;2.接触物系在接触面法线方向的分速度相同,切向分速度在无相对滑动时亦相同;3.线状相交物系交叉点的速度是相交物系双方沿对方切向运动分速度的夫量和。文章对每一类问题各给出3道例题,展示每一条原则在不同情景中的应用。
In the physics competition, questions about the relative velocity of rigid systems are often set. They are grouped into three categories in this paper: 1. The contact point velocity of the rope and rod restraint system; 2. The contact point velocity of the contact system; 3. The intersection of intersecting systems Point speed. To solve these three problems, in addition to the common rules of motion and rigid bodies, this paper presents a solution principle for each of the three types of problems, namely: 1. The rigid rods and the points on the rope have the same rod at the same moment, The speed of the rope; 2. The velocity of the contact system in the direction of the normal to the contact surface is the same, and the tangential velocity is the same when there is no relative sliding; 3. The velocity of the intersection of the line system is the intersection of the two lines of the system. The tangent movement of the other party is the sum of the speed and the amount of the man. The article gives three examples of each type of problem and shows the application of each principle in different scenarios.