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在保持磷钾肥不变的前提下,控制氮肥总量,将适量的氮肥用作基肥和种肥,其余氮肥后移分期施用研究氮肥对大豆产量及品质含量的影响。结果表明:大豆氮肥后移分期施用增产效果显著,不同处理间差异达到了极显著水平,以N6处理(纯N量种肥15 kg·hm-2、始花期追氮30 kg·hm-2、始花期喷氮7.5 kg·hm-2及鼓粒期喷氮7.5 kg·hm-2)产量最高,产量为3 285.71 kg·hm-2。大豆始花期追施氮肥的增产作用大于始花期、鼓粒期喷施氮肥,始花期和鼓粒期分期喷施氮肥增产效果好于始花期一次性喷施。氮肥后移分期施用对大豆的油分与蛋白质含量有较明显的影响。充足的底肥或种肥氮有利于提高大豆油分含量,而氮肥后移施用明显降低了油分含量,随着始花期追施氮肥量的增加,大豆油分含量呈递减趋势;对大豆的蛋白质含量影响作用与油分正好相反,氮肥后移分期施用使蛋白质含量显著提高,幅度为0.373 3%~1.323 3%;氮肥后移施用对大豆籽粒蛋脂总和的影响与蛋白质的变化趋势一致。
Under the premise of keeping the phosphorus and potassium unchanged, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was controlled, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was used as basal fertilizer and seed fertilizer, and the rest of nitrogen fertilizer was applied in late stage to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of soybean. The results showed that the effects of late nitrogen application were significant and the differences among different treatments reached the extremely significant level. N6 treatment (pure N fertilizer 15 kg · hm-2, initial nitrogen uptake 30 kg · hm-2, The highest nitrogen yield was 3.585.71 kg · hm-2 at the initial flowering stage, with a nitrogen application rate of 7.5 kg · hm-2 and a nitrogen application rate of 7.5 kg · hm-2 during the boll stage. Soybean flowering stage topdressing nitrogen fertilizer production is greater than the initial flowering stage, spraying nitrogen fertilizer at the drumming stage, the initial flowering stage and the drum stage spraying nitrogen fertilizer increased production is better than the beginning of flowering a one-time spraying. Post-application of nitrogen fertilizer on soybean oil and protein content have a more significant impact. Adequate base fertilizer or kind of fertilizer nitrogen is beneficial to increase the content of soybean oil, while the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the oil content, with the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the beginning of flowering stage, the oil content showed a decreasing trend; the soybean protein content The effect was opposite to that of oil. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in late stage increased the protein content significantly, ranging from 0.373 3% to 1.323 3%. The effect of nitrogen application on the total egg yolk in soybean grain was the same as that of protein.