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石羊河流域是我国水资源开发程度最高的内陆河流域之一,是干旱区典型的水资源脆弱带,其生态环境问题日益严重,因此,研究石羊河流域地下水循环和地球化学演化规律具有重要意义.本研究从祁连山顶到红崖山水库沿径流剖面采集水样,对降水、地表水和地下水的水化学及同位素δ18O、δD进行分析,以揭示地下水的补给、径流和排泄规律.结果表明,地下水径流系统在向下游输送的过程中不断接受河流的渗漏补给和农田灌溉入渗补给,通过河床溢流、人工开采的形式排泄,盆地平原区地下水以垂向运动为主.盆地下游是地下水的主要排泄区,盆地北端地下水随基底抬升而上升溢出,转化为地表水排出.流域地下水从上游到下游矿化度逐渐升高,溶解性总固体(TDS)值在131～1750mg·L-1之间;水化学类型从HCO3--SO24-Ca2+-Mg2+型逐渐转化为SO24-HCO3--Mg2+-Ca2+型,呈现明显的分带特征.
Shiyang River basin is one of the inland river basins with the highest water resources development in China. It is a typical water resource fragile zone in arid areas with increasingly serious ecological and environmental problems. Therefore, the study on the groundwater circulation and geochemical evolution in the Shiyang River Basin Is of great significance.In this study, water samples were collected along the runoff section from Qilian Peak to Hongyashan Reservoir to analyze the hydrochemical and δ18O, δD isotopes of precipitation, surface water and groundwater to reveal the recharge, runoff and discharge rules of groundwater.Results The result shows that the groundwater runoff system continuously accepts the infiltration and recharge of the seepage of the river and infiltration and infiltration of farmland during the downstream transportation and discharges through riverbed overflow and artificial mining and the vertical movement of the groundwater in the plain area of the basin. Is the main drainage area of groundwater.The groundwater in the northern end of the basin rises and overflows with the basement uplift and is converted into surface water to discharge.The groundwater from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the basin gradually increases in salinity and the total dissolved solids (TDS) is between 131 and 1750 mg · L -1, and the hydrochemical type gradually changed from HCO3 - SO24-Ca2 + -Mg2 + to SO24-HCO3 - Mg2 + -Ca2 +, showing obvious zoning characteristics.