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目的了解哺乳期人乳无机元素含量的变化及其与乳母膳食的关联。方法采用横断面调查方法,收集55名陕西省澄城县农村健康乳母清晨乳样,利用原子吸收分光光度法测定乳汁钙、镁、铁、锰、锌和铜的浓度。采用24小时回顾法进行连续3天膳食调查,计算膳食营养素的摄入量。结果农村乳母乳汁中镁、锌、铜浓度随哺乳期延长明显降低,铁浓度随哺乳期延长而上升。乳母膳食钙摄入量约为钙膳食参考摄入量(DRI)1/3,膳食无机元素的摄入量与人乳相应元素之间无明显相关性。多因素分析表明,乳汁中钙与镁、铁与铜、锰与锌均呈正相关,钙分别与乳脂、铁、锌呈负相关。结论随哺乳期时间延长,成熟乳中镁、锌、铜浓度降低而铁浓度增加,乳母膳食钙的摄入严重不足,乳汁各元素与膳食相应元素之间无关联。
Objective To understand the changes of inorganic elements in human milk during lactation and its relationship with the diet of lactating mothers. Methods The cross-sectional survey method was used to collect 55 milk samples from rural health nurses in Chengcheng County of Shaanxi Province. The milk calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A 24-hour retrospective analysis of 3 consecutive days of dietary surveys to calculate dietary intake of nutrients. Results The concentrations of magnesium, zinc and copper in the milk of rural nursing mothers decreased significantly with the prolongation of lactation, and the concentrations of iron increased with the prolongation of lactation. Dietary calcium intake of maternal dietary reference intake of calcium (DRI) 1/3, intake of dietary inorganic elements and the corresponding elements of human milk no significant correlation. Multivariate analysis showed that milk calcium and magnesium, iron and copper, manganese and zinc were positively correlated, calcium and milk fat, iron, zinc were negatively correlated. Conclusions With the prolongation of lactation period, the concentration of magnesium, zinc and copper decreased and the concentration of iron increased in mature milk. The intake of calcium in lactation maternal diet was seriously insufficient. There was no correlation between milk elements and dietary elements.