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所谓数学概念,就是客观事物的数量关系或空间形式的本质属性,在人们头脑中的反映。任何数学概念,在反映事物的本质属性的同时,也就反映了具有这些本质属性的事物。所谓给出一个数学概念,就是给出它的名称,并揭示出它的内涵和外延。本文谈谈小学数学教材给出数学概念的几种基本方法,以供钻研教材时参考。一、利用数学原型给出数学概念具有概念所反映的全部本质属性的事物、叫做概念的原型。所谓利用数学原型给出数学概念,就是给出概念的名称和它的原型,引导学生观察原型中的数量关系或空间形式,使学生领悟概念的内涵和外延,而不作文字上的说明。这是小学数学教材给出数学概念的基本方法之一。例如,对于数“3”的概念,课本第一册是这样给出的:
The so-called mathematical concept, is the quantitative relationship between objective things or the nature of the spatial form, reflected in people's minds. Any mathematical concept that reflects the essential attributes of things also reflects those that have these essential attributes. The so-called given a mathematical concept, is to give its name, and reveal its meaning and extension. This article talked about the basic mathematics textbooks give some basic concepts of mathematics for reference when studying textbooks. First, the use of mathematical prototype gives the concept of mathematics has all the essential attributes of the thing, called the conceptual prototype. The so-called use of mathematical prototype gives the concept of mathematics, is to give the name of the concept and its prototype, and guide students to observe the quantitative relationship between the prototype or spatial form, so that students understand the concept of connotation and denotation, without written explanation. This is one of the basic ways in which elementary mathematics texts give mathematical concepts. For example, for the concept of number “3”, Book 1 is given as follows: