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AIDS以下列一种或多种微生物引起的严重机会感染为特征:卡氏肺囊虫、白色念珠菌、鼠弓形体以及新型隐球菌。亦可发生巨细胞单纯疱疹和乳多泡病毒感染。由乳多泡病毒B族JC病毒引起的进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML)以前罕见。由于它与AIDS的联系,现在较为常见。据纽约市医疗中心统计,以前16年内(1965～1981)仅见1例PML,近3年内(1982～1984)已发现7例,其中4例发生于AIDS,至1986年前,西方报道的10000多例AIDS患者中,至少有24例PML。另据3大组病人估计AIDS中PML发生率为0.5～1％。
AIDS is characterized by severe opportunistic infections caused by one or more of the following organisms: Pneumocystis carinii, Candida albicans, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptococcus neoformans. Giant cell herpes simplex and papillomavirus infection can also occur. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), caused by papovavirus B-family of JC viruses, was previously uncommon. Because of its association with AIDS, it is now more common. According to New York City Medical Center statistics, in the past 16 years (1965-1981), only one case of PML was observed. In the recent 3 years (1982-1984), 7 cases were found, of which 4 cases occurred in AIDS. Before 1986, more than 10,000 cases were reported in the West Among AIDS patients, there are at least 24 cases of PML. According to the other three groups of patients estimated that the incidence of PML in AIDS was 0.5 to 1%.