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1911年10月10日爆发的辛亥革命,推翻了满清王朝,建立了资产阶级共和国,使共和国的观念深入人心。1915年,窃取了辛亥革命胜利果实的袁世凯妄图复辟帝制,建立中华帝国,并改1916年为洪宪元年,准备在元旦登基。1915年12月,蔡锷秘密离开北京,转道日本、香港、越南海防,乘滇越铁路火车于19日到达云南,与云南都督唐继尧及李烈钧、方声涛等秘密召开会议,歃血宣誓,反对袁世凯称帝,25日宣布云南独立,组织护国军讨伐袁世凯。护国军分为三军:第一军以蔡锷为
The Revolution of 1911, which broke out on October 10, 1911, overthrew the Manchu dynasty and established a bourgeois republic, bringing the Republic’s concept to the hearts of the people. In 1915, Yuan Shikai, who had stolen the fruits of the 1911 Revolution, vainly attempted to restore the monarchy and establish the Chinese Empire and changed the first year of Hongxian in 1916 to prepare for the throne in New Year’s Day. In December 1915, Cai Yong secretly left Beijing and switched to Japan, Hong Kong and Vietnam Haiphong. He arrived in Yunnan on the 19th by the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and held secret meetings with the governor of Yunnan, Tang Jiyao, Li Liejun and Fang Shengtao. They vowed to oppose Yuan Shikai Emperor announced the independence of Yunnan on the 25th and organized the national army to fight Yuan Shikai. Hu Guojun divided into three armed forces: the first army to Cai Ying as