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目的对中药苦丁茶主要品种大叶冬青叶的三萜皂苷类成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20和反相ODS柱色谱分离大叶冬青叶的水提物,通过光谱分析结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果从大叶冬青的水提液中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为α-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅰ)、α-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅱ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖斯阿树脂酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅲ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖坡模醇酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅳ)、β-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅴ)、β-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅵ)、γ-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅶ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖齐墩果酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅷ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖斯阿树脂酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅸ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖坡模醇酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅹ)及δ-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅺ)。结论化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ及Ⅺ为首次从该植物中分离得到。
Aim To study the triterpene saponin components of the main leaf of Holly leaves of Chinese herbal medicine Kudingcha. Methods Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase ODS column chromatography were used to separate the aqueous extracts from the leaves of Hollys, so as to identify the structures of the compounds by spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical properties. Results Eleven compounds were isolated from the aqueous extract of Holly japonica, and were identified as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranose (1 → 3) [α-L- (1 → 2) -β-D-glucopyranose (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranoside 1 → 3) - [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranoside -β-D-glucopyranose (1 → 3) - [α-L-rhamnopyranose (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranosyl resin 28-α-L-P (1 → 2) -β-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅲ), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranose 3) - [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranosylpolyglycolate 28-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 3) - [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2) -D-glucopyranoside (Ⅳ) ] -? - L-arabinopyranoside (V),? -butyrolactone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranose [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranoside (Ⅵ), γ -butyrolactone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranose → 3) - [α-L-rhamnopyranose (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranoside [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranose Oleanolic acid 28-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2) -β-D- 3-O-β-D-glucopyranose (1 → 3) - [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranoside (1 → 2) -β-D-glucopyranoside (IX), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranose ) - [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranosylpolyglycolate 28-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2) -β (1 → 2) -β-D-glucopyranose (1 → 3) - [α-D-glucopyranoside (X) -L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)] - α-L-arabinopyranoside (XI). Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ and Ⅺ were isolated from this plant for the first time.