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民族主义一直是思想史研究中的重大课题,目前研究主要侧重世界史和作为意识形态的民族主义,往往忽视了民族主义的思想史纬度。从早期民族意识和近代民族主义的区别来看,前者近似于文化共同体,是基督教世俗化进程中的产物,更趋近于保守的形象;后者是由于现代社会的抽象化发展,以及资本主义生产对近代民族国家的奠基性作用,从而形成的激进意识形态。民族意识发展为近代民族主义的过程,在思想表现上是从民族的自然解释发展为对民族的历史解释,这一转变过程又取决于资本主义的全球性建构,因此对民族主义的理论探索必须结合资本主义的全球拓张展开,正因如此,马克思主义同民族主义之间建立了对话的空间。
Nationalism has always been a major issue in the study of the history of ideas. At present, research focuses mainly on world history and ideology as nationalism, and often neglects the historical latitude of nationalism. Judging from the difference between early national consciousness and modern nationalism, the former is similar to a cultural community and is a product of the secularization process of Christianity and is closer to a conservative image. The latter is due to the abstract development of modern society and capitalism The radical ideology that has been formed by the production of the foundation role for the modern nation-state. The development of national consciousness is the process of modern nationalism. From the natural interpretation of the nationality to the historical interpretation of the nation in the ideological performance, this process of transformation depends on the global construction of capitalism. Therefore, the theoretical exploration of nationalism must In the light of the global expansion of capitalism, there is room for dialogue between Marxism and nationalism.