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在《单向度的人》一书中,马尔库塞对发达资本主义工业社会的现实作了极为尖锐和深刻的批判,深刻地揭露了西方发达工业社会中人的异化生存状态,提出了“单向度的人”这一概念模型。以《单向度的人》一书为理论依据,本文着重分析发达工业社会中人的“物化”的生存困境,包括两个方面:人高度追求物质的虚假需要,即人之需求的物化;人沦为物的被奴役状态,即人之主体的物化。笔者将以电影《楚门的世界》和小说《变形记》为例,印证阐释工业文明中人的“物化”状况。
In “One-Dimensional Man”, Marcuse made a very sharp and profound critique of the reality of the industrialized capitalist society, deeply exposing the alienation of human beings in the developed western industrialized society and proposing “One-dimensional man” concept model. Based on the theory of “One-Dimensional Man”, this article focuses on the analysis of the existence predicament of people in the industrialized society, including two aspects: the human being highly pursues the material needs of the false Materialization; human beings become enslaved state, that is, the materialization of the human body. The author will take the movie “The World of Chu Gate” and the novel “Metamorphosis” as an example to prove the “materialization” of man in industrial civilization.