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以新疆伊宁、玛纳斯县3种土壤类型为研究材料,采用室外人工模拟降雨试验、野外调查采样与土壤样品室内理化性质测定相结合的方法,比较了相同降雨条件下3种类型土壤的坡面侵蚀特征。结果表明:(1)土壤的颗粒组成和有机质含量是影响土壤可蚀性差异的主要因素。土壤中粉粒的含量越高,其含沙量、可蚀性K值愈大,越易发生侵蚀;土壤中粘粒含量越高,土壤含沙量、可蚀性K值越小,越易抵抗侵蚀。(2)相关性分析发现土壤的径流速率和产沙量的相关系数为0.56,没有显著的相关性。(3)土壤的有机质和累积含沙总量相关性分析,发现两者显著相关,相关系数为0.73。(4)通过打破土壤结构体,发现>2 mm结构体土壤中,灰钙土的产流速率、产沙量及可蚀性K值均最小;<2 mm土壤结构体中,棕钙土的产流速率、产沙量及可蚀性K值均最小,且>2 mm土壤结构体比<2 mm结构体的土壤抵抗侵蚀的能力大。
Taking three types of soils in Yining and Manas County of Xinjiang as the research materials, outdoor artificial simulated rainfall test, field survey sampling and physical and chemical property determination of soil samples were used to compare three types of soil under the same rainfall Slope erosion characteristics. The results show that: (1) The soil particle composition and organic matter content are the main factors that affect the soil erodibility. The higher the content of silt in the soil, the higher the sediment concentration and erodibility K value is, the more likely it is to erode. The higher the clay content in the soil, the smaller the soil sediment content and erodibility K, the easier it is to be. Resist erosion. (2) Correlation analysis found that the correlation coefficient between soil runoff rate and sediment yield was 0.56, which showed no significant correlation. (3) Correlation analysis of organic matter and total sediment in soil shows that there is a significant correlation between them, and the correlation coefficient is 0.73. (4) By breaking the soil structure body, it was found that the runoff rate, sediment yield and erodibility K value of the soil were the smallest in> 2 mm soil structure. In <2 mm soil structure, The runoff rate, sediment yield and erodibility K are the smallest, and> 2 mm soil structure is more resistant to soil erosion than <2 mm structure.