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细胞周期有严格的顺序,由4个期即G_1→S→G_2→M构成。通过细胞周期,细胞实现DNA的复制和姐妹染色单体的平均分配。这些过程受到信号传导途径和反馈径路的精确调控,其正常与否和细胞以及个体的生长、分化、衰老、癌变密切相关。细胞周期中G_1→S和G_2→M是两个重要的转换时相。目前认为Rb蛋白的磷酸化可促使DNA合成,使细胞从G_1期进入S期。而Rb蛋白的磷酸化,受活性细胞周期索依赖性激酶家族(CDKS)所催化。CDKS有正反两种调控因子。
The cell cycle has a strict order and consists of 4 phases, namely G1→S→G_2→M. Through the cell cycle, cells achieve DNA replication and even distribution of sister chromatids. These processes are precisely regulated by signal transduction pathways and feedback pathways, and their normality is closely related to cell and individual growth, differentiation, aging, and canceration. G_1→S and G_2→M are two important transition phases in the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of the Rb protein is currently believed to promote DNA synthesis, allowing cells to enter the S phase from the G1 phase. The phosphorylation of Rb protein is catalyzed by the active cell cycle-dependent kinase family (CDKS). CDKS has two positive and negative regulatory factors.