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目的了解本地区无偿献血者HBV、HCV、HIV感染及分布情况,探讨本地区人群的传染病流行趋势,为献血者宣传招募工作提供指导。方法 2009～2011年承德市无偿献血者77 990人次的血液标本,采用ELISA法检测,对检测结果进行统计分析,抗-HIV初筛阳性者送疾病预防控制中心进行确证。结果 3年无偿献血者HB-sAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV感染情况分别为0.22%,0.42%,0.09%;抗-HIV累计确认阳性男性各年龄段各1例,女性有2例均在18～30年龄段,5例标本中仅1例为再次献血者;初次献血者与再次献血者HBV、HCV、HIV检测不合格率比较,分别为χ12=80.69、χ22=253.57、χ32=9.38,均为P<0.01。无偿献血者检测不合格率的年龄分布与各项总报废率比较,HBVχ2=12.34,P<0.01,HCVχ2=14.43,P<0.01。结论 2009～2011年我市无偿献血人群中HBV、HCV、HIV阳性率呈逐年上升趋势,在献血者征询时应提高技巧,重视献血者招募环节,重点加强初次献血者献血前的健康征询和评估,加强无偿献血知识宣传,巩固和发展固定无偿献血者。
Objective To understand the prevalence and distribution of HBV, HCV and HIV in unpaid blood donors in this area and to find out the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in local population and provide guidance for the publicity and recruitment of blood donors. Methods A total of 77 990 blood samples from unpaid blood donors in Chengde from 2009 to 2011 were detected by ELISA, and the results were statistically analyzed. Positive anti-HIV screening was sent to CDC for confirmation. Results The HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV infection rates in 3 years of unpaid blood donors were 0.22%, 0.42% and 0.09% respectively. Anti-HIV cumulatively confirmed 1 positive in each age group and 2 in female In 18 ~ 30 years of age, only 1 out of 5 specimens was re-donated. The first, second and third blood donors were tested for HBV, HCV and HIV unqualified rates of χ12 = 80.69, χ22 = 253.57, χ32 = 9.38, All P <0.01. The age distribution of unqualified rate of unpaid blood donors compared with the total scrap rate, HBVχ2 = 12.34, P <0.01, HCVχ2 = 14.43, P <0.01. Conclusion From 2009 to 2011, the positive rate of HBV, HCV and HIV in unpaid blood donation population of our city is increasing year by year. We should improve skills when seeking blood donors, pay attention to the recruitment of blood donors, and focus on strengthening the health consultation and assessment of blood donors before blood donation , Strengthen knowledge of blood donation, consolidate and develop fixed blood donors.