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前言 1959年三位澳大利亚学者开始对电离子透入脑部的物质进行电生理研究,他们从氨基酸着手,根据确切的、可重复的实验结果,把氨基酸分为两类:产生抑制作用的GABA和甘氨酸以及产生兴奋作用的谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸。GABA很快被公认为神经递质,而对谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸的性质一直争论不休,历时二十多年才阐明了三类主要的兴奋性氨基酸(EAA)受体:使君子酸型(quisqualate type,QA)受体;海人藻氨酸型(kainate type,KA)受体和NMDA型(Nmethyl-D-aspartate type)受体。
Introduction In 1959, three Australian scholars began conducting electrophysiological studies of iontophoresis into the brain. They started with amino acids and classified amino acids into two classes according to the exact and repeatable experimental results: GABA and Glycine and glutamate and aspartate, which produce excitatory effects. GABA was soon recognized as a neurotransmitter, and the nature of glutamate and aspartate has been debated, which lasted over two decades to elucidate three major types of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors: Quasqualate type (QA) receptor; kainate type (KA) receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate type receptor.