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Fauconnier(1975a,1975b)等指出any暗示梯级中的极点,但未分析其中的原因。Lee&Horn(1994)等认为any的本义就是极点义,但迄今为止尚无文献有效地解决任选解释代表的不定指意义和梯级解释代表的定指意义之间的矛盾。而反梯级解释的一派(如Rullmann 1996,Dayal 1998)认为任选词指代集合中任意的一个选项,不能把它理解为指代梯级中的极点,然而他们无法解释任选词在某些语境中确实指代梯级中的极点的现象。文章用关联论(Sperber&Wilson 1986/1995)中词语的编码义在语境中被微调的原理来解释任选词any和“任何”在特定的语境中传递的极点义。我们认为任选词的本义表示允许听话人自由选择,而极点义是它的含义,听话人在某些语境中在最佳相关语境假设的引导下,推知集合中只有某个极端选项才是讲话人意图中真正所指的对象,于是任选词的外延在语境中被调节,由指代任意选项变为指代某一极端选项。
Fauconnier (1975a, 1975b) and others pointed out that any suggests a pole in the rung, but did not analyze the cause. Lee & Horn (1994) considered the original meaning of any as extreme meaning, but so far there is no literature that effectively solves the contradiction between the meaning of the indefinable meaning of the alternative explanation and the fixed meaning of the step explanation. And the antistep interpretation (Rullmann 1996, Dayal 1998) argues that an optional term refers to any one of a set of options that can not be understood as a pole in the iteration, yet they can not interpret the choice of an optional term in certain terms The territory really refers to the phenomenon of the pole in the ladder. The article uses the principle of fine tuning of the coding meaning of words in the relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995) in the context to explain the pole meaning conveyed by the optional words any and “any ” in a particular context. We believe that the original meaning of the optional words allows the hearer to freely choose, and the pole meaning is its meaning. The hearer in some contexts, guided by the best relevant contextual assumptions, deduces that there is only one extreme option in the set Is the real target of the speaker’s intention, so the extension of the candidate words is adjusted in the context, from referring to any option to referring to an extreme option.