问:十九世紀德意志统一的兩条道路中,为什么未能“自下而上”,而是“自上而下”地由貴族地主來完成? 答:列宁在“奥古斯特·倍倍尔”一文中,关于德意志统一的两条道路問題曾指出:“当时德国的统一问题已经提到日程上来了。在当时的阶級对比关系下,这种统一可以通过两种方式来实现,即或者是通过革命,或者是通过普鲁士王朝的战爭。通过革命,就是是由无产阶級来领导并建立全德共和国;通过普鲁士王朝的战爭,就是巩固普魯士地主在統一的德国中的领导权。”(“列宁全集”第19卷,人民出版社1959年版,第292页)在德国统一的过程中,自始至終, Q: Why did not “bottom up” in the two paths of German reunification in the nineteenth century, but “top-down” completed by aristocratic landlords? A: In “Auguste times In the article ”Erh,“ two issues concerning the reunification of Germany have pointed out: ”At that time, the issue of the reunification of Germany had already been mentioned on the agenda, which was achieved in two ways at the time by the class contrast: Either through revolution or through the Prussian war, through which revolution the revolution led to the establishment of a whole-nation republic by the proletariat, and by the Prussian war the consolidation of the leadership of the Prussian landowners in a unified Germany. " (Collected Works of Lenin, Volume 19, People’s Publishing House, 1959, p. 292) In the process of reunification of Germany, from beginning to end,