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摘 要:词汇教学主要通过“呈现-观察-发现-模仿-归纳-巩固-运用”。根据“艾滨浩斯遗忘曲线”,词汇的复习应“先密后疏”,反复复习巩固。
关键词:英语词汇 学习和巩固 方法
词汇是学习英语的基础。要真正让学生掌握词汇,就要掌握词语的意义、词的搭配和词的用法,在语境中学习和掌握词的用法。
教词汇跟教语法一样,需要模仿,归纳,操练。J. Harmer 提出了IPP模式--- “Introduce-Practice-Produce”。张正东教授提出了“呈现-实践-迁移/产出”模式。具体地说,就是“呈现-观察-发现-模仿-归纳-巩固-运用”。
以教英语短语bring up为例,具体说明词的教学方法。
首先,教师在ppt上展示下列十个句子。让学生朗读并说出bring up 有几个意思,分别是什么意思,并翻译成汉语。
1、She brought up five children.
2、He was brought up by his aunt.
3、a well/badly brought up child
4、They were brought up to respect authority.
5、He was brought up a Christian.
6、He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving.
7、Bring it up at the meeting.
8、He was feeling sick and brought up his breakfast.
9、Click with the right mouse button to bring up a new menu.
10、Working in the slums brought her up against the realities of poverty.
学生根据课后词汇表所列出的意义,可以说出 bring up 的下列意义。
1. 抚养;养育;教养 care for a child, teaching him or her how to behave
2. 使出庭受审;传讯 make sb appear for trial
3. 提出(讨论等) raise
4. 呕吐 vomit
5. 使显示在计算机屏幕上;调出 make sth appear on a computer screen
6. bring sb up against sth (使)面临,面对
接着,教师通过汉译英的方式让学生模仿。教师给出汉语句子,学生模仿并一起翻译。同一结构举三例。以例1为例。
他叔叔抚养了他。
His uncle brought him up.
他的继母养育了他。
His stepmother brought him up.
一匹母狼带大的那个加拿大女孩。
A she-wolf brought up the Canadian girl.
然后教师让学生说出“抚养某人”的英语。实际上在进行归纳。以同样方式模仿例2。
He was brought up by his uncle.
He was brought up by his stepmother.
The Canadian girl was brought up by a she-wolf.
模仿后,让学生归纳用了什么语态及时态。这时,教师再让学生用英语翻译几个句子。
将军在大别山区长大。
The general was brought up in the Dabie Mountains.
我在农村长大。
I was brought up in the countryside。
接着练习例4.
从小教育我们对人有礼貌/尊老爱幼…
We were brought up to be polite to others/to respect the elderly and take are of the young.
归纳 “从小教育某人做某事” be brought up to do sth
逐渐推进,加大难度。
这是他长大的村庄。
This is the village where he was brought up .
出生于三兄弟之家,从小教育我分享,而不攫取别人的东西。
Born into a family with three brothers, I was brought up to share, not to snatch things away from other people.
将军在大别山区长大,三十年后回到故乡。
The general, (who was) brought up in the Dabie Mountains, came back to his hometown 30 years later.
在城里长大,我们对农村生活不熟悉。
Brought up in the city, we are not familiar with the country life.
最后,结合具体的语境运用。要求学生用三至五句话简单概述自己熟悉的一个人。短文中必须使用bring up 短语。
这样,通过模仿,归纳,运用。词不离句,句不离篇,面向所有学生,从最基础着手, 把握重点,突破难点,注意详略,反复操练,不断提升。就能更好从语境中学会词语。
理解,掌握很重要。巩固落实更需要复习。这就要借助复习巩固了。不及时复习很快就会遗忘。
“艾滨浩斯遗忘曲线”表明了遗忘发展的一般规律:遗忘的发展是“先快后慢”。在最初的20分钟内,遗忘率即达41.8%,1小时后为55.8%, 8小时后为62.4%,24小时候为66.3%,不到一个星期,原本记得清清楚楚的就只剩下25%了。
这说明记得快,并不等于记得牢,对于学习记忆的材料要经常琢磨才能真正成为自己的。相应地,学生在识记语言点时应该按照规律“先密后疏”的复习。即,刚记住或掌握了一批词汇或语法后要及时复习,随着时间的推移可以逐渐拉长两次复习间的间隔天数。
有些研究人员发现识记后,过若干时间复习很重要:5分钟,30分钟,12小时,1天,2天,4天,7天,15天。所以当下,当堂,当天,第二天,第四天,一星期,二星期后的复习很有必要。教师及时采用各种形式复习巩固,就可以使学生把短期记忆变成长期记忆,从而,牢固掌握词汇。
参考文献:
1.梁静梅 《运用艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线突破单词难记关》 陕西师范大学学报 2009
2.陈琳 王蔷 程晓堂 《英语课程标准解读》 江苏教育出版社
3.人民教育出版社 普通高中课程标准实验教科书(人教版)英语《教师培训手册》
关键词:英语词汇 学习和巩固 方法
词汇是学习英语的基础。要真正让学生掌握词汇,就要掌握词语的意义、词的搭配和词的用法,在语境中学习和掌握词的用法。
教词汇跟教语法一样,需要模仿,归纳,操练。J. Harmer 提出了IPP模式--- “Introduce-Practice-Produce”。张正东教授提出了“呈现-实践-迁移/产出”模式。具体地说,就是“呈现-观察-发现-模仿-归纳-巩固-运用”。
以教英语短语bring up为例,具体说明词的教学方法。
首先,教师在ppt上展示下列十个句子。让学生朗读并说出bring up 有几个意思,分别是什么意思,并翻译成汉语。
1、She brought up five children.
2、He was brought up by his aunt.
3、a well/badly brought up child
4、They were brought up to respect authority.
5、He was brought up a Christian.
6、He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving.
7、Bring it up at the meeting.
8、He was feeling sick and brought up his breakfast.
9、Click with the right mouse button to bring up a new menu.
10、Working in the slums brought her up against the realities of poverty.
学生根据课后词汇表所列出的意义,可以说出 bring up 的下列意义。
1. 抚养;养育;教养 care for a child, teaching him or her how to behave
2. 使出庭受审;传讯 make sb appear for trial
3. 提出(讨论等) raise
4. 呕吐 vomit
5. 使显示在计算机屏幕上;调出 make sth appear on a computer screen
6. bring sb up against sth (使)面临,面对
接着,教师通过汉译英的方式让学生模仿。教师给出汉语句子,学生模仿并一起翻译。同一结构举三例。以例1为例。
他叔叔抚养了他。
His uncle brought him up.
他的继母养育了他。
His stepmother brought him up.
一匹母狼带大的那个加拿大女孩。
A she-wolf brought up the Canadian girl.
然后教师让学生说出“抚养某人”的英语。实际上在进行归纳。以同样方式模仿例2。
He was brought up by his uncle.
He was brought up by his stepmother.
The Canadian girl was brought up by a she-wolf.
模仿后,让学生归纳用了什么语态及时态。这时,教师再让学生用英语翻译几个句子。
将军在大别山区长大。
The general was brought up in the Dabie Mountains.
我在农村长大。
I was brought up in the countryside。
接着练习例4.
从小教育我们对人有礼貌/尊老爱幼…
We were brought up to be polite to others/to respect the elderly and take are of the young.
归纳 “从小教育某人做某事” be brought up to do sth
逐渐推进,加大难度。
这是他长大的村庄。
This is the village where he was brought up .
出生于三兄弟之家,从小教育我分享,而不攫取别人的东西。
Born into a family with three brothers, I was brought up to share, not to snatch things away from other people.
将军在大别山区长大,三十年后回到故乡。
The general, (who was) brought up in the Dabie Mountains, came back to his hometown 30 years later.
在城里长大,我们对农村生活不熟悉。
Brought up in the city, we are not familiar with the country life.
最后,结合具体的语境运用。要求学生用三至五句话简单概述自己熟悉的一个人。短文中必须使用bring up 短语。
这样,通过模仿,归纳,运用。词不离句,句不离篇,面向所有学生,从最基础着手, 把握重点,突破难点,注意详略,反复操练,不断提升。就能更好从语境中学会词语。
理解,掌握很重要。巩固落实更需要复习。这就要借助复习巩固了。不及时复习很快就会遗忘。
“艾滨浩斯遗忘曲线”表明了遗忘发展的一般规律:遗忘的发展是“先快后慢”。在最初的20分钟内,遗忘率即达41.8%,1小时后为55.8%, 8小时后为62.4%,24小时候为66.3%,不到一个星期,原本记得清清楚楚的就只剩下25%了。
这说明记得快,并不等于记得牢,对于学习记忆的材料要经常琢磨才能真正成为自己的。相应地,学生在识记语言点时应该按照规律“先密后疏”的复习。即,刚记住或掌握了一批词汇或语法后要及时复习,随着时间的推移可以逐渐拉长两次复习间的间隔天数。
有些研究人员发现识记后,过若干时间复习很重要:5分钟,30分钟,12小时,1天,2天,4天,7天,15天。所以当下,当堂,当天,第二天,第四天,一星期,二星期后的复习很有必要。教师及时采用各种形式复习巩固,就可以使学生把短期记忆变成长期记忆,从而,牢固掌握词汇。
参考文献:
1.梁静梅 《运用艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线突破单词难记关》 陕西师范大学学报 2009
2.陈琳 王蔷 程晓堂 《英语课程标准解读》 江苏教育出版社
3.人民教育出版社 普通高中课程标准实验教科书(人教版)英语《教师培训手册》