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目的掌握昆山市工业企业生产使用有毒化学品的种类、数量、分布及员工接触情况,控制化学危害,提高化学中毒应急能力。方法自行制定调查表,下发企业填写并结合现场调查,对昆山市421家企业使用化学品状况进行分析。结果 421家企业化学品年使用量为379 049.376 t,其中剧毒化学品为331 500.876 t,高毒化学品为5 094.5 t,一般化学品为42 454 t。使用剧毒化学品的企业有116家,接触人员873人;使用高毒类的企业有82家,接触人员3 351人;使用一般类的企业有317家,接触人员21 422人。使用剧毒化学品的企业采取的有效防护措施和管理措施比例最高,使用一般化学品的企业具备有效防护措施和管理措施的比例较低。结论昆山市工业企业使用化学品的种类多,数量大,接触人员多,危害严重,应积极采取相应的预防对策与措施控制急慢性化学中毒事件的发生。
Objective To understand the types, quantity, distribution and employee exposure of toxic chemicals used by industrial enterprises in Kunshan, to control the chemical hazards and improve the emergency response ability of chemical poisoning. Methods to develop their own questionnaire, send the business to fill out and combined with on-site survey of Kunshan City, 421 enterprises to use chemical analysis. Results The annual chemical consumption of 421 enterprises was 379 049.376 tons, of which 331 500.876 tons of highly toxic chemicals, 5 094.5 tons of highly toxic chemicals and 42 454 tons of common chemicals. There are 116 enterprises that use highly toxic chemicals and 873 people are in contact with each other. There are 82 high-toxic enterprises and 3 351 people in contact; 317 enterprises in general use and 21,422 people in contact. The enterprises that use highly toxic chemicals take the highest proportion of effective protection measures and management measures, and the enterprises that use general chemicals have a relatively low proportion of effective protection measures and management measures. Conclusion There are many kinds of chemicals used in industrial enterprises in Kunshan City. There are many kinds of chemicals used in Kunshan City. There are many contacts and lots of people in Kunshan City. Therefore, appropriate preventive measures and measures should be taken to control the occurrence of acute and chronic chemical poisoning.