中考英语动词短语用法展播

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  不少动词短语使用场合多,表达效果好,考查可能性大,本文结合中考题,分类进行介绍。
  
  一、look短语
  短语展播:look for寻找;look after照顾;look over查看;look forward to渴望,向往,to为介词,后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语;look at看着;look up抬头看,在……查找;look up to尊敬;look down upon瞧不起;look like看起来像;look as if/though看起来好像;look through透过……看;look into调查;look out当心;look out of往……外看。
  典型考例:
  1. ——What are you doing, Cathy?
  ——I’m ____ my cat. I can’t find it.(07北京)
  A. looking forB. looking atC. looking upD. looking after
  析:A。由I can’t find it.可以反推该空表示“寻找”,因此应填looking for。
  2. Kate didn’t go to the movie last night because she had to ____ her sick dog at home. (07陕西)
  A. look atB. look upC. look forD. look after
  析:D。sick暗示该空表示“照顾”,因此应填look after。
  3. The doctor ____ the crying baby, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with it.(06安徽)
  A. looked overB. looked afterC. looked forD. looked out
  析:A。由couldn’t find out what was wrong with it可以推出该空表示“查看”,因此应填looked over。
  4. ——Do you like sports?
  ——Sure, I’m looking forward to ____ Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.(06呼和浩特)
  A. watchedB. watchesC. watchD. watching
  析:D。look forward to中to为介词,后面应接动名词作宾语。
  5. ____ the word in the dictionary, and you’ll get the meaning by your-selves.(06泰州)
  A. Look atB. Look upC. Look forD. Look over
  析:B。由the word in the dictionary与get the meaning之间的逻辑关系可以推出该空表示“在……查找”,因此应填Look up。
  
  二、put短语
  短语展播:put off推迟,put on穿上;上演;put away把……暂时收起来,储存……备用;put up举起,建造,张贴;put out扑灭;put down写下;put aside把……搁在一边;put back放回。
  典型考例:
  1. A lot of meetings were ____ because of the dangerous disease.
  (07天津)
  A. turned offB. set offC. put offD. taken off
  析:C。the dangerous disease暗示该空表示“推迟”,因此应填put off。
  2. ——Tom, it’s cold outside. ____ your coat when you go out.
  ——OK, Mom. (07安徽)
  A. Take offB. Take awayC. Put awayD. Put on
  析:D。cold暗示该空表示“穿上”,因此应填Put on。
  3. Tina, ____ your books and get ready for dinner.(07佛山)
  A. put awayB. throw awayC. put down
  析:A。get ready for dinner暗示该空表示“把……暂时收起来”,因此应填put away。
  4. ——Great changes have taken place in this city.
  ——Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ____ these years.
  (07武汉)
  A. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up
  析:B。由常识可知,高楼大厦是被建起来的,因此该空应填put up。
  
  三、turn短语
  短语展播:turn off关掉;turn down把音量开小一点;拒绝;turn up把音量开大一点;出现;turn on打开; turn round/around回头;turn over翻开;翻转;turn to朝向;变成;求助于;turn…into…把……变成……;turn into变成;turn out结果证明是;turn away把脸转过去。
  典型考例:
  1. Remember to ____ the lights when you leave your classroom.
  (07重庆)
  A. turn onB. turn offC. turn upD. turn down
  析:B。leave暗示该空表示“关掉”,因此应填turn off。
  2. ——Nancy, you may listen to the radio. But would you mind ____?
  Your father is sleeping.
  ——I’m sorry. I’ll do it right now.(07咸宁)
  A. turning it downB. turning it up
  C. turning it onD. turning it off
  析:A。由may listen to the radio与is sleeping之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“把它的音量开小一点”,因此应填turning it down。
  3. Would you mind ____ the music? I can’t hear it clearly.(06厦门)
  A. turning upB. turning downC. turning on
  析:A。can’t hear it clearly暗示该空表示“把音量开大一点”,因此应填turning up。
  
  四、call短语
  短语展播:call at拜访,后接地点;call on拜访,后接被拜访的对象;号召;call back回电话;call in 叫来;call up打电话,使回忆起;call for叫某人同往某处,要求;call off取消。
  典型考例:
  ——Where did you go after we left the library yesterday?
  ——I went downtown and ____ my aunt’s on my way home.(07武汉)
  A. played withB. called atC. waited forD. looked after
  析:B。该空表示“拜访”,且后接地点名词,因此应填called at。
  
  五、be短语
  短语展播:be friendly/kind to对……友好;be fed up with对……厌烦;be different from与……不同;be afraid of害怕;be popular with受……欢迎;be fond of喜欢,爱好;be curious about对……感到好奇;be interested in对……感兴趣;be surprised at对……惊讶;be satisfied/content/pleased with对……满意;be proud of对……感到自豪;be terrified at因……而害怕;be clear about对……清楚; be strict with对某人严格;be strict in 对某事严格;be patient with对某人有耐心;be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌;be rude to 对某人粗鲁;be thankful/grateful to对某人感激;be good to对……有好处;be good at擅长于……; be sure of/about对……有把握;be joined to/connected with和……连在一起;be separated from和……分开;be divided into被分成;be made up of由……构成;be angry with对某人生气;be busy with忙于;be lost/absorbed/deep in沉溺于;be crowded with挤满了;be full of/filled with装满了;be late for……迟到;be covered with覆盖着;be covered by被……覆盖;be tied to被系在……;be crazy about对……狂热;be familiar with对……熟悉;be familiar to对某人来说是熟悉的;be similar to和……类似;be famous/known for因……著名;be famous/known as作为……有名;be cruel to对……残忍;be clever at 在……乖巧;be expert at 精通。
  典型考例:
  1. ——How are you getting along with your classmates?
  ——Very well. They are all ____ me.(07福州)
  A. afraid ofB. angry withC. tired ofD. friendly to
  析:D。Very well暗示该空表示“对……友好”,因此应填friendly to。
  2. The villagers are ____ the factory. They keep complaining about the noise.(07大连)
  A. pleased withB. fed up with C. surprised at D. worried about
  析:B。keep complaining about the noise暗示该空表示“对……厌烦”,因此应填be fed up with。
  3. Most of my classmates don’t like to talk to their parents, but I am ____ them.(07青海)
  A. different fromB. surprised atC. the same as
  析:A。由but的转折性语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“与……不同”,因此应填different from。
  4. He is ____ dogs, so he never keeps any of them at home.(06青海)
  A. interested inB. afraid ofC. worried about
  析:B。never keeps any of them at home暗示该空表示“对……害怕”,因此应填afraid of。
  
  六、get短语
  短语展播:get on/along (well) with与某人相处(融洽),在……进展(顺利);get up起床;get on上车(船、飞机、马);get off下车(船、飞机、马); get back回去;get back to回到;get away离开,逃脱;get down下来;get home到家;get into进入,陷入;get out (of) (从……)出去;get to到达;get together聚会。
  典型考例:
  1. Don’t worry! I’m sure you’ll ____ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. (07济南)
  A. catch up withB. agree with
  C. get on well withD. make friend with
  析:C。kind and friendly to them暗示该空表示“与某人相处融洽”,因此应填get on well with。
  2. Wake up, Nick. It’s time to ____, or you’ll be late for school.
  (07温州)
  A. get upB. get backC. get awayD. get off
  析:A。Wake up与or you’ll be late for school暗示该空表示“起床”,因此应填get up。
  3. Don’t ____ while the bus is moving, or you may hurt yourself and even someone outside.(07南通)
  A. get onB. get upC. get offD. get in
  析:C。由is moving, hurt yourself and even someone outside之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“下车”,因此应填get off。
  4. When my mum ____, she realized she had left her bag on the bus.
  (06辽宁十一市)
  A. got on a busB. got home
  C. got alongD. got in the way
  析:B。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“到家”,因此应填got home。
  
  七、take短语
  短语展播:take off(飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣服);take in吸收,上当;take away拿走;take out取出;take on雇佣,呈现;take down取下;take up占据时间、空间,开始从事,拿起。
  典型考例:
  ——You’d better hurry, or we’ll be late for the plane.
  ——Don’t worry. The plane will ____ in two hours.(07南京)
  A. take inB. take awayC. take offD. take out
  析:C。be late for the plane暗示该空表示“起飞”,因此应填take off。
  
  八、sell短语
  短语展播:sell out卖光,售完;sell sb. sth., sell sth. to sb. 把……卖给某人。
  典型考例:
  ——Do you have this kind of MP4?
  ——Sorry, we ____ yesterday. You can come next week.(07南宁)
  A. wrote them down B. tried them on
  C. took them off D. sold them out
  析:D。You can come next week.暗示该空表示“此物已卖光了”,因此应填sold them out。
  
  九、agree短语
  短语展播:agree with同意(意见、想法、分析、解释);agree to同意(计划、办法);agree on协商一件事;agree to do sth.同意做某事。
  典型考例:
  ——Teachers are the most hard-working people. Do you think so?
  ——Yes, I ____ you. (07贵阳)
  A. catch up with B. agree withC. help with
  析:B。Yes暗示该空表示“同意”,因此应填agree with。
  
  十、pick短语
  短语展播:pick up拾起,捡起,拿起,收听,用车接送客人、货物,收拾、整理;pick out挑选。
  典型考例:
  He ____ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag.
  (07河北)
  A. picked upB. threw awayC. looked for D. handed in
  析:A。and put it into the rubbish bag暗示该空表示“捡起”,因此应填picked up。
  
  十一、care短语
  短语展播:care for关心,愿意,喜欢,照顾;care about在乎,介意;take care of照顾。
  典型考例:
  Lots of people in our city ____ the old and they usually offer their seats to the old on buses.(07河南)
  A. agree with B. worry about
  C. laugh atD. care for
  析:D。usually offer their seats to the old暗示该空表示“关心”,因此应填care for。
  
  十二、go短语
  短语展播:go over温习,复习;go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营;go into走进……;go off爆炸;go out出去,熄灭;go ahead继续向前走;go against违背;go away走开;go back回去,回顾;go by时间流逝,从旁经过;go down下降,下沉;go for为……而去;go in进入;go on(时间)过去,继续,持续,发生;go round绕路;go through经历;go together一起去;go up上升,攀登;go without没有。
  典型考例:
  1. ——What did the English teacher talk to you last Friday?(07芜湖)
  ——She told me to ____ my lessons carefully before the exam.
  A. look upB. go overC. look afterD. go on
  析:B。before the exam暗示该空表示“复习”,因此应填go over。
  2. ——What a hot day!
  ——Yes. Let’s ____. (07乌鲁木齐)
  A. go shoppingB. go swimming C. go dancing D. go fishing
  析:B。hot暗示该空表示“去游泳”,因此应填go swimming。
  
  十三、come短语
  短语展播:come along一道来;come in进来;come into进入;come out出来,出版;come down倒塌,降下来;come from来自;come back回来;come across偶然遇到;come over过来;come home回家;come to an end结束;come to oneself苏醒过来;come up长出,发芽;come into use开始使用;come round绕道而来;come at扑向;come on(表示劝说、激动、不耐烦等)快!得啦;跟着来;来临。
  典型考例:
  Hi, Helen. We’re going to the concert tonight. Would you like to ____?(07大连)
  A. carry onB. try outC. give upD. come along
  析:D。We’re going to the concert tonight.暗示该空表示“邀请对方或希望对方怎样”,因此应填come along。
  
  十四、give短语
  短语展播:give up放弃;give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等);give out精疲力竭、累倒,耗尽、用完;give away泄露,赠送;give in屈服,让步,投降。
  典型考例:
  As a young boy, he had to work in his spare time to pay for school, but he never ____.(07乐山)
  A. gave upB. gave awayC. gave outD. gave back
  析:A。由but的转折性语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“放弃”,因此应填gave up。
  
  十五、make短语
  短语展播:make a decision作出决定;make sb. do sth.让某人做某事;make a mistake犯错误;make progress取得进步;make a face做鬼脸;make friends with与……交朋友;make from用……材料做成,制成品中看不出原材料;make of用……材料制成,制成品中看得出原材料;make out辨认;make one’s way克服困难前进;make up编造,虚构,打扮,弥补,构成,讲和。
  典型考例:
  1. I’d like to go to Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, but I haven’t made a final ____ yet.(06佳木斯)
  A. mistakeB. decisionC. progress
  析:B。final暗示该空表示“决定”,因此应填decision。
  2. Don’t make me ____ this or that. I’m too busy!(06徐州)
  A. to doB. doC. doingD. done
  析:B。make为使役动词,接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
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