论文部分内容阅读
本文从材料学角度定量分析了青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的微观结构、成分及力学特性。利用电子显微镜观察了鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的微观结构;通过X射线衍射、电镜能谱以及煅烧的骨灰综合分析,探讨了青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的有机、无机成分之间的密切联系;进行了青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的拉伸实验;利用显微硬度计对干、湿状态下的鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨进行了硬度测试。结果显示,鳍骨无机物含量较多,鳃盖骨有机物较多,肋骨介于两者之间;矿化胶原蛋白束在鳍骨中的排列非常规则,在鳃盖骨中排列不是很规则,在肋骨中排列较规则;鳍骨中矿化胶原纤维束间孔洞非常少,骨质密实,而在腮盖骨中孔洞很多,骨质稀疏;干的鱼骨显微硬度均大于湿的鱼骨。结论是,鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的微观结构、成分及力学特性存在差异,其中鳍骨的力学性能明显强于鳃盖骨,肋骨介于二者之间,水份对青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的硬度有明显的影响。
This paper quantitatively analyzed the microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of the carp’s fins, ribs and operculum from the perspective of material science. The microstructure of fins, ribs and operculum was observed by electron microscope. The organic and inorganic components of fins, ribs and operculum were studied by X-ray diffraction, electron microscope and calcined ashes. The fins, ribs and operculum were tested for their tensile strength. The hardness of fins, ribs and operculum in dry and wet state were tested by micro-hardness tester. The results showed that there were more inorganic elements in the fins, more organic matter in the operculum, and ribs between the two. The arrangement of mineralized collagen bundles in the fins was very regular and the arrangement in the opercle was not very regular. In the ribs arranged more rules; mineralized collagen fibers in the fins in the very few holes between the holes, dense bones, and in the cheek bones a lot of holes, bone thinning; dry fish bone micro-hardness were greater than the wet fish . The conclusion is that the microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of the fins, ribs and operculum are different. The mechanical properties of the fins are obviously stronger than that of the operculum, the ribs are between the two, The rigidity of the ribs and the operculum has a significant effect.