该文主要从三个方面来回顾负启动的研究 :负启动与选择注意的关系 ;早期以抑制为主导的负启动研究成果 ,包括抑制的功能、负启动的时间历程、加工位置与个体差异以及实验情景和策略对负启动的影响 ;负启动的理论解释 ,包括干扰项抑制假说、情景提取解释和短暂辨别理论 The article reviews the negative start-up research in three aspects: the relationship between negative start-up and selective attention; the early negative start-up research led by inhibition, including the function of inhibition, the time history of negative start, the processing position and individual differences, Experimental scenarios and strategies on negative start-up; theoretical explanations of negative start-up, including interference term suppression hypothesis, scenario extraction and interpretation, and ephemeral discernment theory