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背景: 近年来国内对孤独症儿童的心理理论、执行功能的研究较多, 但对关于孤独症儿童自我概念的研究相对较少。近年有学者发现孤独症儿童对自我的认知并非混沌一片, 他们对自我有初步的认知能力。目的: 对 1 例随班就读的孤独症儿童进行改善自我概念的康复训练, 从而为特殊教育工作者和患儿家长提供适当的建议。设计: 个案报告。单位: 南京特殊教育职业技术学院康复系。对象: 案例为 1998- 06 出生的男性, 南京市人, 出生时未发现异常。TG在良好的家庭环境中长大。TG 在 1 岁左右开始学说一些话, 但后来讲话越来越少, 3 岁几乎整天一个字也不讲, 拒绝与外界交流。2001- 02 被沈阳市儿童医院诊断为孤独症。方法: 对 1 例孤独症患儿采用综合干预措施 10 个月。在研究开始和结束, 运用观察法、对比法、访谈法、调查问卷法对孤独症儿童的自我概念进行多方面的评定。主要观察指标: 孤独症患儿经综合干预措施后自我概念改善情况。结果: 孤独症患儿在经过康复训练后在自我观察、自我评价、自我控制方面与干预前比较有明显的改善。结论: 运用多种康复训练的方法可以改善孤独症儿童的自我概念。
Background: In recent years, there have been a lot of studies on the psychological theory and executive function of children with autism in China. However, there are relatively few studies on the self-concept of children with autism. In recent years, some scholars have found that children with autism do not perceive themselves as chaotic, they have initial cognitive ability to the self. OBJECTIVE: To provide a self-concept rehabilitation exercise to 1 case of autistic children attending classes to provide appropriate advice to special education workers and parents of children. Design: Case Report. Unit: Nanjing Special Education Vocational and Technical College Rehabilitation Department. PARTICIPANTS: The case was born in 1998-06 male, Nanjing city, at birth, no abnormalities were found. TG grew up in good family environment. TG began to say something when he was around the age of 1, but his speech was getting less and less. At the age of 3, he did not speak a word almost the whole day and refused to communicate with the outside world. 2001-02 was diagnosed as autism by Shenyang Children’s Hospital. Methods: One case of autistic children with comprehensive intervention for 10 months. At the beginning and end of the study, the methods of observation, comparison, interview and questionnaire were used to evaluate the self-concept of autistic children in various aspects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement of self-concept in children with autism after comprehensive intervention. Results: Children with autism experienced significant improvement in self-observation, self-evaluation and self-control after intervention. Conclusion: The use of multiple rehabilitation training methods can improve the autistic concept of children with autism.