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2009年以沈阳市蔬菜生产示范基地为平台,研究不同轮作模式对消减设施菜地土壤氮、磷淋移和蔬菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐积累的作用。结果表明:经过一年的蔬菜种植后,设施菜地土壤pH呈下降趋势,下降了0.09～0.47单位;与本底相比,菜地土壤表层的全磷含量明显升高,速效磷含量(86.80～161.04mg·kg-1)明显高于60mg·kg-1的警戒指标,设施菜地土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量较高,并发生明显的淋移;除菠菜中亚硝酸盐含量超标外,3种轮作模式下的蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量都符合国家无公害蔬菜安全标准;针对保护地土壤酸化、磷素累积和NO3--N淋移现状,应采取相应措施予以恢复;从3种轮作模式的结果看,在油菜-黄瓜-豇豆轮作模式下,土壤对pH的变化幅度最小,且土壤NO3--N的淋移现象较弱,氮、磷的回收率也较高,但在消减土壤磷淋移以及蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐积累方面效果不明显。
In 2009, taking Shenyang City Vegetable Production Demonstration Base as a platform, the effects of different crop rotation patterns on soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and nitrate and nitrite accumulation in vegetables were studied. The results showed that after one year of vegetable cultivation, the soil pH value of the vegetable garden decreased with a decrease of 0.09-0.47 units. Compared with the background, the total phosphorus in the vegetable soil layer increased significantly, and the content of available phosphorus (86.80 ~ 161.04mg · kg-1) was significantly higher than that of 60mg · kg-1, and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - N) The content of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables under the three cropping patterns are all in line with the national safety standards for non-polluted vegetables; for the status of soil acidification, phosphorus accumulation and NO3 - N leaching in protected areas, corresponding measures should be taken Recovery. According to the results of three cropping patterns, under the rapeseed - cucumber - cowpea rotation mode, the change range of pH to soil was the smallest, and the leaching of NO3 - N in soil was weak, and the recovery rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was also more High, but the effect was not obvious in reducing soil phosphorus leaching and the accumulation of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables.