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中国建筑工劳动条件较为恶劣,待遇低下,并长期讨薪这一社会事实,近年来引起不少社会学者的关注。有学者认为这一状况与中国建筑工普遍采取包工制,甚至层层转包的现象具有逻辑关联——包工制是造成劳资关系被掩盖,建筑工人待遇恶劣并被欠薪的原因,由此将包工制作为批判的对象,几乎成为一种成见。而笔者在分析中国建筑行业现状中认为,在解释当代建筑工为什么普遍接受包工制,而且延期付酬这种方式时,经济学传统中对于企业边界和不完全契约的讨论具有解释力,而利益相关者理论更能有助于理解包工队具有的现代性。从实证的角度,当代的包工制和包工队,其实更应该被解释为在中国当前一些政策、法规和制度的约束条件下,建筑行业和农民身份的建筑工的理性的合约选择和组织形式。他们通过传统社会关系的纽带和合约设计,实现了利益相关者的整合,可以被视为有行业和时代特色的原生性市场组织,甚至体现了中国农民在不完全的城市化下,向市场寻求发展机遇的现代企业精神。
In recent years, the social fact that China’s construction workers have worse working conditions, lower pay and long-term salary payments has aroused the concern of many social scholars. Some scholars think that this situation has a logical connection with the fact that Chinese construction workers generally adopt the system of contract-based work or even subcontracting. The system of contract-making is the reason that labor-capital relations are masked, construction workers are treated badly and are owed wages, As a target of criticism, the system of labor contracting has almost become a prejudice. However, in the analysis of the current situation of China’s construction industry, the author believes that explaining the reasons why contemporary construction workers generally accept the system of contract-based compensation and delaying the payment of remuneration explains the discussion in the economic tradition about the boundary of enterprises and incomplete contracts. However, Stakeholder theory can better understand the modernity of a confederation. From an empirical point of view, contemporary contract-making and contracting teams should in fact be interpreted as rational contractual choices and forms of organization in the construction industry and peasant identity under the constraints of some current policies, regulations and systems in China. Through the traditional social ties and contract design, they have realized the integration of stakeholders, and can be regarded as primary market organizations with industry and time characteristics. They even show that Chinese peasants seek the market under incomplete urbanization Modern enterprise spirit of developing opportunities.