“民族区域自治制度”是中国宪法中的重要制度,它与中国共产党领导下多党合作制、全国人民代表大会制和“一国两制”一道构成了中国特色社会主义宪政的制度基础,并展现出中国宪法与其他国家宪法不同的风貌。但要理解这一宪政制度,必须理解中国宪政的政治哲学基础以及中国文明形成的历史传统。一、国家建构的两种学说:自由主义与马克思主义 “The system of ethnic regional autonomy” is an important system in the Chinese constitution and forms the institutional foundation of the constitutionalism of socialism with Chinese characteristics along with the multi-party cooperation system under the leadership of the CPC, the National People’s Congress system and “one country, two systems” And show the different features of the Chinese constitution from the constitutions of other countries. However, to understand this constitutional system, we must understand the political and philosophical foundation of China’s constitutional government and the historical tradition of the formation of Chinese civilization. First, two theories of state construction: liberalism and Marxism