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高三复习备考时,应该加强一些常见词的固定表达、习惯用语的复习,以提高综合运用英语语言的能力。由by构成的习惯用语,现与大家共同分享,变化多,内涵丰富,同学们在复习时应用心体会,细加区别:
1. by all means
①尽一切办法;一定,务必
例1 This plan must be realized by all means. 这计划一定要实现。
②(表示答应)好的,当然可以
例2 —Can I see it?—我可以看看吗?
—By all means. —当然可以。
2. by accident (=by chance) 偶然地,碰巧
例3The apple fell by accident(=by chance) on Peter’s head. 苹果碰巧落在彼特的头上。
例4On Monday I heard by accident(=by chance) that Miss Betty was in London. 星期一我偶然听说贝蒂小姐在伦敦。
3. by and by 不久,很快,过一会儿
例5By and by the bright moon began to appear. 不久明月开始出现。
例6Don’t worry me now. I’ll mend that coat by and by. 不要烦我,过一会儿我就补那件外套。
4. by any chance(多用于疑问句,询问是否真实、可能等)或许,可能
例7Are you in love with him, by any chance? 你难道爱上他了不成?
例8 Could you by any chance come round at once? 你能不能立刻过来?
5. by choice 出于自愿
例 9John helped his father by choice. 约翰自愿帮助他父亲。
例10Mary ate a plum(n.李子),but not by choice. Her mother told her she must eat it. 玛丽吃了个李子,但不是自愿的。她母亲说她必须吃。
6. by day(night)在白天(夜间)
例11Cats sleep by day and hunt by night. 猫白天睡觉晚上捕食。
例12 Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢白天还是晚上旅行?
7. by daylight(moonlight……)在大白天(借助月光……)
例13What a pity it is that you did not arrive by daylight!真遗憾你白天没有赶到!
例14We went for a sail on the lake by moonlight. 我们借助月光在湖面上乘船游览。
8. by far (和形容词最高级连用)最最
(和形容词比较级连用)……得多
例15He is by far the best player on our team. 他是我们队里最最好的选手。
例16His explanation is clearer by far.他的解释很清楚。
9. by (in) leaps and bounds快速地
例17Our socialist construction has advanced by (in) leaps and bounds. 我们的社会主义建设已经取得了快速的发展。
例18Her health has improved by (in) leaps and bounds. 她的健康正迅速好转。
10. by means of借助,靠
例19The fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log. 这渔民借助一根浮木逃生。
例20Electricity can be transmitted by means of wires. 电可以通过导线传送。
11. by mistake(error) 出于误会,弄错了
例21He picked up the wrong hat by mistake(error). 他错拿了别人的帽子。
例22Henry’s mail is often delivered to me by mistake(error). 享利的邮件经常错投到我这里。
12. by no means 绝不,一点也不
例23He was by no means a hard worker. 他绝不是一个工作努力的人。
例24—You have not lost heart, then? —那么,你没有失去信心吧?
—By no means.—绝对没有。
13. by oneself单独,独立地,自己
例25The little girl travelled from London to New York by herself. 这小女孩独自一人从伦敦来到纽约。
例26This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一台自动运转的机器。
14. by the way顺便说说
例27 By the way,don’t mention me to Mr. Richard. 顺便说说,不要向理查德先生提起我。
例28By the way, do you intend going to the flower show next Wednesday? 顺便问一下,你打算去参加下个星期三的花展吗?
15. by turns 轮流,交替
例29The husband and wife usually wash dishes by turns. 丈夫和妻子通常轮流洗碗碟。
16. by way of作为;取道,经由
例30She said this by way of an apology. 她说起此事作为道歉。
例31 By way of example, he described his own experience. 作为例子,他描述了自己的经历。
17. bit by bit=little by little 一点一点地,慢慢地,渐渐地
例32Having saved money bit by bit(little by little),they now had enough to buy a piece of land in the West. 他们一点一点地存钱,现在够去西部买一块土地了。
例33Little by little(bit by bit)the flood water receded. 洪水慢慢地退了。
18. learn(know)…by heart熟记,背诵
例34The pupil learned many poems by heart. 这小学生背诵了很多诗。
例35 His wife had known twelve songs by heart. 他妻子熟记了十二首歌。
19. one by one 一个一个地,依次地
例36One by one, they got out. 他们一个一个地走出去。
例37They finally destroyed the enemy forces one by one. 最后他们对敌军进行了各个击破。
20. side by side 肩并肩,紧挨着,在一起
例38They walked side by side for a time. 他们一度肩并肩地散步。
例39The two pictures were hung side by side. 两幅图紧挨着挂在一起。
21. stand by 支持,护卫,忠于,信守
例40We’ll stand by you. 我们将站在你一边。
例41She is an orphan. And you ought to stand by her. 她是孤儿,你应该保护她。
22. step by step 一步一步地
例42 Step by step they were getting to the top of the mountain. 他们一步一步地走上顶峰。
例43A foreign language cannot be learned rapidly,it must be learned step by step. 学习外国语不能急于求成,必须循序渐进。
23. take by surprise 出其不意,冷不防(做出某事),无思想准备
例44The enemies were completely taken by surprise. 敌人完全地遭到了突然袭击。
例45 What he said took me completely by surprise. 他所说的我全然没有思想准备。
1. by all means
①尽一切办法;一定,务必
例1 This plan must be realized by all means. 这计划一定要实现。
②(表示答应)好的,当然可以
例2 —Can I see it?—我可以看看吗?
—By all means. —当然可以。
2. by accident (=by chance) 偶然地,碰巧
例3The apple fell by accident(=by chance) on Peter’s head. 苹果碰巧落在彼特的头上。
例4On Monday I heard by accident(=by chance) that Miss Betty was in London. 星期一我偶然听说贝蒂小姐在伦敦。
3. by and by 不久,很快,过一会儿
例5By and by the bright moon began to appear. 不久明月开始出现。
例6Don’t worry me now. I’ll mend that coat by and by. 不要烦我,过一会儿我就补那件外套。
4. by any chance(多用于疑问句,询问是否真实、可能等)或许,可能
例7Are you in love with him, by any chance? 你难道爱上他了不成?
例8 Could you by any chance come round at once? 你能不能立刻过来?
5. by choice 出于自愿
例 9John helped his father by choice. 约翰自愿帮助他父亲。
例10Mary ate a plum(n.李子),but not by choice. Her mother told her she must eat it. 玛丽吃了个李子,但不是自愿的。她母亲说她必须吃。
6. by day(night)在白天(夜间)
例11Cats sleep by day and hunt by night. 猫白天睡觉晚上捕食。
例12 Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢白天还是晚上旅行?
7. by daylight(moonlight……)在大白天(借助月光……)
例13What a pity it is that you did not arrive by daylight!真遗憾你白天没有赶到!
例14We went for a sail on the lake by moonlight. 我们借助月光在湖面上乘船游览。
8. by far (和形容词最高级连用)最最
(和形容词比较级连用)……得多
例15He is by far the best player on our team. 他是我们队里最最好的选手。
例16His explanation is clearer by far.他的解释很清楚。
9. by (in) leaps and bounds快速地
例17Our socialist construction has advanced by (in) leaps and bounds. 我们的社会主义建设已经取得了快速的发展。
例18Her health has improved by (in) leaps and bounds. 她的健康正迅速好转。
10. by means of借助,靠
例19The fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log. 这渔民借助一根浮木逃生。
例20Electricity can be transmitted by means of wires. 电可以通过导线传送。
11. by mistake(error) 出于误会,弄错了
例21He picked up the wrong hat by mistake(error). 他错拿了别人的帽子。
例22Henry’s mail is often delivered to me by mistake(error). 享利的邮件经常错投到我这里。
12. by no means 绝不,一点也不
例23He was by no means a hard worker. 他绝不是一个工作努力的人。
例24—You have not lost heart, then? —那么,你没有失去信心吧?
—By no means.—绝对没有。
13. by oneself单独,独立地,自己
例25The little girl travelled from London to New York by herself. 这小女孩独自一人从伦敦来到纽约。
例26This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一台自动运转的机器。
14. by the way顺便说说
例27 By the way,don’t mention me to Mr. Richard. 顺便说说,不要向理查德先生提起我。
例28By the way, do you intend going to the flower show next Wednesday? 顺便问一下,你打算去参加下个星期三的花展吗?
15. by turns 轮流,交替
例29The husband and wife usually wash dishes by turns. 丈夫和妻子通常轮流洗碗碟。
16. by way of作为;取道,经由
例30She said this by way of an apology. 她说起此事作为道歉。
例31 By way of example, he described his own experience. 作为例子,他描述了自己的经历。
17. bit by bit=little by little 一点一点地,慢慢地,渐渐地
例32Having saved money bit by bit(little by little),they now had enough to buy a piece of land in the West. 他们一点一点地存钱,现在够去西部买一块土地了。
例33Little by little(bit by bit)the flood water receded. 洪水慢慢地退了。
18. learn(know)…by heart熟记,背诵
例34The pupil learned many poems by heart. 这小学生背诵了很多诗。
例35 His wife had known twelve songs by heart. 他妻子熟记了十二首歌。
19. one by one 一个一个地,依次地
例36One by one, they got out. 他们一个一个地走出去。
例37They finally destroyed the enemy forces one by one. 最后他们对敌军进行了各个击破。
20. side by side 肩并肩,紧挨着,在一起
例38They walked side by side for a time. 他们一度肩并肩地散步。
例39The two pictures were hung side by side. 两幅图紧挨着挂在一起。
21. stand by 支持,护卫,忠于,信守
例40We’ll stand by you. 我们将站在你一边。
例41She is an orphan. And you ought to stand by her. 她是孤儿,你应该保护她。
22. step by step 一步一步地
例42 Step by step they were getting to the top of the mountain. 他们一步一步地走上顶峰。
例43A foreign language cannot be learned rapidly,it must be learned step by step. 学习外国语不能急于求成,必须循序渐进。
23. take by surprise 出其不意,冷不防(做出某事),无思想准备
例44The enemies were completely taken by surprise. 敌人完全地遭到了突然袭击。
例45 What he said took me completely by surprise. 他所说的我全然没有思想准备。