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基于2009年中国和德国对200余个经济体HS六分位出口数据,本文从种类、数量与品质角度对中德出口竞争力进行结构比较,并用跨国数据分析三种竞争力的决定与影响因素。结论发现:中国数量是德国的2.6倍,价格仅为德国的0.5倍,种类是德国的0.8倍;中国数量竞争力占优,以量取胜;德国品质竞争力占优,以质取胜;经济规模、要素禀赋、吸引外资与进口贸易对竞争力结构具有决定意义,而贸易伙伴经济规模、发展水平与双边贸易成本会影响出口国竞争力结构;对于中国而言,发展金融、改善市场环境、提升人力资本、调整出口区域结构,最终寻求品质制胜,才是对外贸易发展的长久之计。
Based on the data of China’s and Germany’s exports to more than 200 economies in the sixties in 2009, the paper compares the competitiveness of China-Germany export competitiveness from the perspective of category, quantity, and quality, and uses cross-country data to analyze the decisions and influencing factors of the three competitiveness. . Findings: The number of China is 2.6 times that of Germany, the price is only 0.5 times that of Germany, and the category is 0.8 times that of Germany; China’s quantity competitiveness prevails and quantity wins; Germany’s quality competitiveness prevails, winning by quality; economic scale , factor endowments, attracting foreign capital and import trade have decisive significance for the competitiveness structure, while the economic scale, development level and bilateral trade cost of trading partners will affect the competitiveness of exporting countries; for China, it will develop finance, improve the market environment and improve Human capital, adjusting the structure of export regions, and ultimately seeking a winning quality are the long-term strategies for the development of foreign trade.