目的评价采用健康教育与健康促进的方式,以平衡膳食宝塔为指南[1],观察对目标人群进行营养干预的效果。方法随机抽取长沙市岳麓区云麓园社区居民368名,采用多媒体专家授课、现场提问咨询、发放平衡膳食宝塔应用指南和合理膳食与慢病的相关宣传资料、上门现场指导等集中与分散相结合的方式进行营养干预,并在干预前后以问卷调查方式,收集调查对象对合理膳食与慢病防治的相关知识、态度、行为等相关信息。结果在该社区干预前后分别随机抽样的368名人群中合理膳食频率及相关知识的调查应答率分别是:95.4%、97.3%。干预后居民中烹饪者的合理膳食的知识水平有所提高,尤其是在减盐和控油的认识上有了明显的提高(χ2=15.70,P<0.01和χ2=34.13,P<0.01),在摄取植物油、油炸食品、粗杂粮、水果、豆制品等的膳食频率都显示出较为合理的改变(P<0.01)。结论合理膳食能降低慢性非传染性疾病的发病率,我们应加强对社区居民进行营养干预,促使他们树立正确的平衡膳食意识,养成适合自己身体健康需要的合理膳食习惯,促进人群健康。 Objective To evaluate the health education and health promotion methods to balance the diet pagoda as a guideline [1], to observe the effect of the target population for nutritional intervention. Methods A total of 368 residents of Yunlu Garden in Yuelu District of Changsha City were selected randomly. Combined with multimedia experts’ instruction, on-site questioning and consultation, application guideline of balanced dietary pagoda, relevant propaganda materials of reasonable diet and chronic diseases, on-site guidance and other centralized and decentralized Of the way of nutritional intervention, and before and after the intervention by questionnaire, collect the respondents of reasonable diet and chronic disease prevention knowledge, attitude, behavior and other related information. Results The response rates of reasonable dietary frequencies and related knowledge among 368 randomly selected groups before and after community intervention were 95.4% and 97.3%, respectively. After the intervention, the knowledge level of the reasonable diet of the residents among the residents increased, especially in the knowledge of salt reduction and oil control (χ2 = 15.70, P <0.01 and χ2 = 34.13, P <0.01) Dietary intake of vegetable oils, fried foods, coarse grains, fruits, soy products, etc. showed a more reasonable change (P <0.01). Conclusions A reasonable diet can reduce the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. We should strengthen the nutrition intervention for community residents and encourage them to establish correct balanced dietary awareness, develop reasonable dietary habits suitable for their own health and promote the health of the population.