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目的:研究国人离体上颌第三磨牙的根尖孔位置和形态特征,以期为临床治疗提供解剖学依据。方法:收集离体上颌第三磨牙共130个,通过体视显微镜,并用配套的软件拍摄,观察根尖孔的位置、形状,测量孔径大小及根尖孔至解剖根尖的距离。结果:①根尖孔位于根尖顶点者占27.61%,位于旁侧者占72.39%。②130个上颌第三磨牙根尖孔形状可分为3型:圆形53个,占19.78%;椭圆形120个,占44.78%;不规则形95个,占35.44%。③上颌第三磨牙根尖孔直径为(0.27+0.14)mm,最大径为1.21 mm,最小径为0.05 mm。④根尖孔至解剖根尖的距离为(0.75+0.42)mm。结论:掌握上颌第三磨牙的根尖解剖形态特点对根管治疗的临床操作具有指导作用。
Objective: To study the apical foramina position and morphological features of third molars in vitro in order to provide anatomical basis for clinical treatment. Methods: A total of 130 maxillary third molars were collected. The positions of the apical foramina, the shape, the size of the apical foramen and the distance between the apical foramen and the apical root were observed by stereomicroscope and imaging software. Results: ① The apical foramen was 27.61% in apical apex and 72.39% in lateral apical. ② The shape of the apical foramen of 130 maxillary third molars can be divided into three types: 53 round, accounting for 19.78%; 120 round oval, accounting for 44.78%; 95 irregular, accounting for 35.44%. ③ The diameter of apical foramen of maxillary third molars was (0.27 + 0.14) mm, the maximum diameter was 1.21 mm and the minimum diameter was 0.05 mm. ④ apical foramen to dissect the apical distance (0.75 + 0.42) mm. Conclusion: To master the anatomic features of the root tip of maxillary third molars can guide the clinical practice of root canal therapy.