作者报道1例17个月女孩,因左上腹肿块入院。IVP可见左肾不显影,平片未见肾区锡化影。术中见左肾中上部为一巨大囊性肿物占据,皮质变薄。病理检查为边缘清楚的囊性肿块,16×9×4.5cm~3大小,几乎完全代替了肾实质。肿块切面为0.5至3 cm直径的大小不等的多发囊肿,含有清亮无色的液体。囊肿彼此不交通,肿块部分突入肾盂和输尿管上段。组织学检查,囊肿壁衬以立方或扁平上皮,邻近实质呈慢性肾盂肾炎改变。诊断为多房性肾囊肿。文献报道的小儿多房性肾囊肿不足50例,多为不到4岁的患儿。Powell等提出多房性肾囊肿的病理 The author reported one case of a 17-month-old girl who was admitted to the hospital because of an upper abdominal mass. The IVP showed no development of the left kidney, and there was no tinization in the renal area. During the operation, the upper left kidney was occupied by a huge cystic mass, and the cortex became thin. The pathological examination was a clearly defined cystic mass with a size of 16×9×4.5 cm~3, which almost completely replaced the renal parenchyma. The lumps, which vary in size from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter, contain multiple cysts of varying sizes and contain clear, colorless fluids. The cysts did not communicate with each other and the lumps protruded into the renal pelvis and upper ureter. Histologically, the cyst wall was lining with cubic or squamous epithelium, and the adjacent parenchyma was chronically changed in pyelonephritis. Diagnosis is multi-room renal cyst. Reported in the literature of children with multiple room renal cysts less than 50 cases, mostly for children less than 4 years old. Powell et al. proposed the pathology of multi-atrial renal cysts