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目的了解驾驶人员的路怒情绪与驾驶风格及攻击性驾驶行为之间的相关性。方法 2015年6—8月,采用方便抽样法抽取河北省沧州、唐山等市313名驾驶人员,使用多维度驾驶风格量表、驾驶人愤怒表达量表及驾驶风格量表进行调查。结果在驾驶风格因子中的冒险型、愤怒型和焦虑型方面,女性驾驶人员得分分别为(18.89±6.08)、(14.27±4.58)和(30.01±9.78)分,均低于男性驾驶员的(20.57±4.94)、(16.88±4.66)、(32.78±7.23)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);<2年驾龄的驾驶人员攻击行为的驾驶空间占用、获得领先和人际攻击维度的得分高于驾龄>5年的驾驶人员;2~5年驾龄的驾驶人员攻击行为的无视他人和驾驶空间占用、获得领先、人际攻击维度的得分均高于驾龄>5年的驾驶人员(P<0.05);职业与非职业驾驶人员在愤怒情绪的操作强度、操作频率、言语攻击、对车发泄、自我调节维度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);私家小汽车驾驶人员在愤怒情绪的操作强度、操作频率、言语攻击和对车发泄因子上的得分显著低于其他车型驾驶人员的得分(均P<0.01);驾驶风格的冒险型和焦虑型因子与驾驶愤怒情绪各因子(P<0.01)及攻击性驾驶行为各因子(P<0.05)呈显著正相关;驾驶风格的愤怒型因子与驾驶愤怒情绪的操作强度、操作频率、言语攻击和自我调节呈显著正相关(P<0.01),同时和攻击行为的无视他人、驾驶空间占用、快速前进和获得领先因子呈正相关(P<0.05);焦虑型驾驶风格对攻击性驾驶行为有预测作用(β=1.830,P<0.001)。结论驾驶人员的愤怒情绪与驾驶风格受性别、驾龄、驾驶车型及是否为职业驾驶员等因素的影响;驾驶人员在驾驶风格量表中得分越高,驾驶人员的愤怒情绪表现越强烈,在驾驶中越易出现攻击性驾驶行为。
Objective To understand the correlation between driver’s road tantrum and driving style and aggressive driving behavior. Methods From June to August 2015, 313 pilot drivers in Cangzhou, Tangshan and other cities in Hebei Province were sampled using the convenience sampling method. The questionnaires were investigated by using multidimensional driving style scale, driver’s angry expression scale and driving style scale. Results The scores of female drivers were (18.89 ± 6.08), (14.27 ± 4.58) and (30.01 ± 9.78) points, respectively, which were lower than that of male driver 20.57 ± 4.94), (16.88 ± 4.66) and (32.78 ± 7.23), respectively, with significant differences (P <0.01); driving and occupancy of driver’s aggressiveness Driver who had been driving for more than 5 years and driver who had 2 to 5 years driving experience disregarded others and took up space in driving space, <0.05). The occupational and non-professional drivers had statistically significant differences in the intensity of anger, operating frequency, verbal attacks, car venting and self-adjusting dimension scores (all P <0.01) The scores of operating intensity, operating frequency, verbal attacks and venting factors of anger were significantly lower than those of other drivers (P <0.01, respectively); driving-style adventure and anxiety-type factors and driving anger mood factors (P <0.01) and (P <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between driving style anger type and driving intensity, operating frequency, verbal attacks and self-regulation of driving anger (P <0.01), meanwhile Aggressive behaviors of ignoring others, driving space occupation, fast forward and obtaining leading factor were positively correlated (P <0.05). Anxiety driving style had predictive effect on aggressive driving behavior (β = 1.830, P <0.001). Conclusion The driver’s angry mood and driving style are affected by such factors as gender, driving experience, driving model and whether it is professional driver. The higher the driver’s score in driving style, the stronger the driver’s angry mood. The more prone to aggressive driving behavior in China.