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一、对1991年工业生产情况的初步分析 1991年是“八五”计划的第一年,也是实行三年治理整顿即实质上的经济调整的最后一年。宏观经济政策的调控重点,由整治初期1989年的紧缩银根、控制需求、降低通货膨胀率,转到1990年适当放松银根、启动市场特别是松动社会集团购买,拉动经济回升,进而过渡到1991年以改善企业外部环境、搞活大中型国营企业为重点,调整产品结构,提高经济效益。从政策实施效果和经济运行的实际结果看,工业增长速度基本达到了预期控制目标,但经济效益回升乏力,反映出目前经济运行中多年积累下的诸多深层次矛盾相互作用的复杂性。工业增长速度(乡及乡以上工业),由1988年增长17.7％,降到1989年增长6.8％、1990年增长6％的水平。1991年预计增长13.5％左右。但经济效益下滑严重,全国预算内工业企业实现利税,由1988年增长17.4％,回落到1989年仅增长0.2％,1990年同比下降18.5％。企业产成品库存急剧上升,同口径预算内工业产成品库存由1988
I. Preliminary Analysis of the Situation of Industrial Production in 1991 The year 1991 was the first year of the “Eighth Five-Year Plan” and it was also the last year in which the three-year rectification, that is, the actual economic adjustment, was implemented. The macroeconomic policy has been regulated by tightening monetary policy in early 1989, controlling demand, lowering inflation rate, shifting to proper monetary easing in 1990, urging the market to loosen social group purchases, driving economic recovery, and finally transitioning to 1991. To focus on improving the external environment of enterprises and invigorating large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, we will adjust the product structure and increase economic efficiency. From the actual results of the implementation of policies and the actual results of economic operation, the industrial growth rate has basically reached the expected control target, but the economic recovery is weak, reflecting the complexity of many deep-level contradictory interactions accumulated in the current economic operation. The industrial growth rate (township and above industries) increased by 17.7% from 1988 to 6.8% in 1989 and 6% in 1990. It is expected to grow by about 13.5% in 1991. However, the decline in economic efficiency was serious. The profits and taxes of industrial enterprises within the budget of the country increased by 17.4% from 1988 to only 0.2% in 1989 and a year-on-year decrease of 18.5% in 1990. The inventory of finished goods of enterprises has risen sharply. The inventory of finished industrial products in the budget of the same calibre is 1988.