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一、实验原理 以稀硫酸作电解质溶液,用铜作阳极,铁作阴极。利用通电不久一段时间内,H~+在铁棒上放电,而阳极铜本身溶解,变成蓝色的水合铜离子,通过蓝色溶液在溶液中阳极区出现,而和阴极区无色溶液形成一明显分界面,可说明放电速度(指单位时间内铜原子的放电数目,即单位时间内产生铜离子数)比离子迁移速度(指单位时间内从阳极区迁移走的铜离子数)大得多。 二、实验操作: 取一U形管,向其中注入3M的硫酸溶液,插入一根铜棒作阳极,一根铁棒作阴极,接在12伏直流电源上,则在阴极(铁棒上)有氢气放出,阳极(铜棒)溶解,开始由于生成的Cu~(2+)较少,
First, the experimental principle Diluted sulfuric acid as electrolyte solution, with copper as anode, iron as cathode. Within a short period of time after energization, H~+ discharges on the iron rod, and the anode copper itself dissolves, turning into blue hydrated copper ions, which appear through the blue solution in the anode region of the solution, and form a colorless solution in the cathode region. A clear interface indicates that the discharge rate (the number of copper atoms discharged per unit time, ie the number of copper ions per unit time) is greater than the ion migration rate (the number of copper ions that migrate from the anode area per unit of time). many. Second, the experimental operation: Take a U-shaped tube, into which 3M sulfuric acid solution was injected, insert a copper rod for the anode, an iron rod for the cathode, connected to the 12-volt DC power supply, then the cathode (iron rod) Hydrogen gas evolves and the anode (copper rod) dissolves, starting with less Cu 2+ .