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超分子化学起源于主客体化学,其发展亦很大程度上依赖于主客体化学。而大环受体分子作为主客体化学重要组成部分在有机功能材料的构筑方面已逐渐显示出其无穷的魅力。在过去的几十年里,科研工作者们深入研究了包括冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲、柱芳烃在内的多种有机超分子主体化合物。其中,柱芳烃作为一种新型的易官能化的主体分子,由于其独特的刚性柱状结构和优良的物理、化学性质日益受到广泛关注。它为有机功能材料的制备以及超分子化学的发展提供了更多可能。到目前为止,基于柱芳烃的有机功能材料已在分子识别、细菌病毒抑制、农药检测、重金属离子识别、光传感、纳米粒子的稳定、催化、生物传感及药物控释等多个领域得到运用。本文结合这些材料现阶段的研究进展,对其在上述领域的应用进行简单明晰地总结与展望。
Supramolecular chemistry originated in the chemistry of host and guest, and its development relies heavily on the chemistry of host and guest. The macrocycle receptor molecule, as an important part of the host-guest chemistry, has gradually shown its infinite charm in the construction of organic functional materials. Over the past few decades, researchers have intensively studied a variety of organic supramolecular host compounds including crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and paraffins. Among them, p-aromatics, as a new easy-functionalized host molecule, has drawn increasing attention due to its unique rigid columnar structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. It provides more possibilities for the preparation of organic functional materials and the development of supramolecular chemistry. So far, organic functional materials based on para-aromatics have been obtained in many fields such as molecular recognition, bacterial virus inhibition, pesticide detection, recognition of heavy metal ions, light sensing, stabilization of nanoparticles, catalysis, biosensors and drug controlled release use. Based on the research progress of these materials at the present stage, this article briefly and concisely summarizes its application in these fields.