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为明确新疆枣果黑斑病的发生规律,于2012—2014年在新疆和田、阿克苏地区的枣园定点观察,采用常规组织分离法分离培养采集自枣树不同组织中的病菌,依据枣树不同部位病菌的分离率分析枣果黑斑病菌的主要越冬场所及方式、发病时间和致病关键因子等。结果表明:枣果黑斑病菌主要以分生孢子的形式在树皮和落叶上越冬;病菌整年存在于主干树皮上,分离率达80%~100%;病菌于5月中旬开始侵染枣花,分离率最高达83%~86%;一年生枝条和叶片均在6月初被侵染,分离率分别为71%~84%和85%~95%;6月下旬病菌开始侵染枣果,分离率为50%~58%;枣果上病菌的分离率与空气中的温湿度呈正相关,在枣果膨大期和白熟期,当温度达到25~28℃、相对湿度高于70%并持续2周时,枣果中病菌的分离率急剧增加。
In order to clarify the occurrence of black spot disease in jujube in Xinjiang, we observed the occurrence of black spot disease in jujube in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2014 in Zaoyuan of Wada and Aksu areas of Xinjiang. The pathogenic bacteria collected from different tissues of Zizyphus jujuba were separated by conventional tissue separation method. Part of the separation rate of pathogens Analysis of jujube black spot pathogen overwintering places and methods, the onset time and pathogenic key factors. The results showed that the black spot pathogen of jujube, mainly in the form of conidia, was overwintering on the bark and the leaves; the pathogen existed in the trunk bark throughout the year with the isolation rate of 80% -100%; the pathogen began to infect in mid-May Jujube flowers, the highest rate of 83% to 86%; annual branches and leaves were infested in early June, the isolation rates were 71% to 84% and 85% to 95%; late June germs begin to affect jujube , The separation rate of 50% ~ 58%; Jujube fruit germ separation rate and air temperature and humidity was positively correlated, jujube expansion and white ripening, when the temperature reached 25 ~ 28 ℃, relative humidity higher than 70% And for 2 weeks, jujube fruit germ separation rate increased dramatically.