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我国存在着明显的工农业二元经济结构以及由此所引致的城乡居民收入差距 ,对于这种情况现有的二元经济发展理论难以给出令人满意的解答 ,原因是这些理论没有深入地探讨农业和工业生产率差异的根本原因。本文在生产率水平是分工组织内生演进结果的思路下 ,利用超边际分析构建了一个新兴古典经济学的数学模型 ,该模型证实了斯密猜想 :农业和工业的生产率差异源于不同的分工水平 ,特别是作为分工的主要特征 ,迂回生产程度及中间产品使用在农业中远低于工业 ,这是导致二元经济反差的基本原因。基于这种分析 ,我国就应在物质层面和知识层面提高农业的迂回生产程度 ,以在提高农业生产率的基础上实现二元经济结构转化。
There is a clear dual economic and industrial structure in agriculture and industry in our country and the resulting income gap between urban and rural residents. Therefore, it is difficult to give a satisfactory answer to the existing theory of dual economic development in this situation because these theories are not thoroughly discussed Explore the root causes of differences in agricultural and industrial productivity. Based on the idea that productivity level is the result of endogenous evolution of division of labor, this paper constructs a mathematical model of emerging classical economics by means of hyper-marginal analysis. This model confirms Smith’s contention that the differences in productivity between agriculture and industry stem from different levels of division of labor , Especially as the main feature of the division of labor, the degree of roundabout production and the use of intermediate products in agriculture are much lower than those in industry, which is the basic reason for the dual economic contrast. Based on this analysis, our country should raise the roundabout production level of agriculture on the material level and the knowledge level so as to realize the transformation of the dual economic structure on the basis of improving agricultural productivity.