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土家族夫妻权力近些年来发生了明显的变化:2000年前,能实现婚姻收益最大化的一方握有家庭事务决策权;2000年以后,妻子往往掌握了更多的家庭事务决策权。这一变化是由土家族地区社会性别关系的变化所引起的:2000年前,在较为平等的社会性别关系格局中,夫妻双方以平等的姿态在家庭收益最大化的谋划中博弈;2000年以后,土家族婚姻市场上性别比失衡导致了夫妻权力向女性倾斜。当代土家族夫妻权力的变化实践深刻启示着当前中国的性别文化建构。
In recent years, the power of Tujia couple has undergone obvious changes: Prior to 2000, one party that could maximize the benefits of marriage held a decision-making power in family affairs; after 2000, the wife often had more decision-making power over family affairs. This change was caused by changes in the gender relations in the Tujia ethnic region: Before 2000, in a more equal gender relations pattern, both husband and wife were playing an equal role in the scheme of maximizing the family’s income. After 2000 The unbalanced sex ratio in the Tujia marriages led to the tilt of the power of husband and wife to women. The practice of changing the power of the contemporary Tujia couple deeply reveals the current construction of gender culture in China.