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【摘要】 目的:探讨基础胰岛素(甘精胰岛素,商品名来的适,赛诺菲安万特公司生产)联合二肽基肽酶4抑制剂(磷酸西格列汀,商品名捷诺维,默沙东公司生产)治疗单用基胰岛素血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者的临床疗效。方法:将120例单用基础胰岛素、体重指数(BMI)≥26、血糖控制不理想的2型糖尿病患者随机分成两组:(甘精胰岛素+西格列汀)组60例,在使用甘精胰岛素的基础上应用西格列汀100 mg/d口服,根据血糖水平适时调整基础胰岛素用量;基础胰岛素组60例,继续应用甘精胰岛素治疗。观察治疗前、治疗后8周、12周两组患者的体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素用量的改变。结果:治疗后8、12周时,两组血糖、HbA1C均有下降;8周时,基础胰岛素组BMI增加,基础胰岛素+西格列汀组体重增加不明显,两组间同期比较差异有统计学意义,组内治疗前后胰岛素组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗8周时,甘精胰岛素+西格列汀组胰岛素用量减少,而基础胰岛素组用量继续增加,治疗12周时,甘精胰岛素+西格列汀组胰岛素用量进一步减少,组间同期及组内治疗前后比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:基础胰岛素治疗血糖控制不理想的2型糖尿病患者加用西格列汀可使血糖得到良好控制,同时可以减少胰岛素剂量,更好地控制血糖,减少低血糖的发生,治疗安全有效。
【关键词】 2型糖尿病; 西格列汀; 基础胰岛素
Basal Insulin Combined with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Treating Type Ⅱ Diabetes Clinical Observation/WANG Da-li,ZENG Xiao,REN Bi-chi,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2013,10(15):020-022
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the clinical effects of basal insulin (Insulin Glargine,Product Name:Lantus,By:Sanofi-Aventis) combined with Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (Phosphate Sitagliptin,product name:Propharm,By Merck Sharp & Dohme,MSD) in treating type Ⅱ diabetes without good blood glucose level control by only giving basal insulin.Method:120 cases of type Ⅱ diabetes patients which were treated only with basal insulin,with body mass index (BMI)≥26 and not well controlled blood glucose level were randomized into two groups:(Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group,60 cases),in which Sitagliptin was orally taken at a dosage of 100 mg/d besides applying of Insulin Glargine and the does of Insulin Glargine applied was adjusted according to the patients’ blood glucose levels;Insulin Glargine group (60 cases),for which applying of Insulin Glargine was continued.The BMI,fasting blood glucose (FBG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG),Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and the changes in applying does of Insulin Glargine were observed 8 and 12 weeks after treatment.Result:The blood glucose and HbA1C levels decreased in both groups 8 and 12 weeks later.8 weeks after treatment,the BMI of patients in Insulin Glargine group increased,and the BMI in Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group showed insignificant increase.The differences in BMI changed obtained at the same time point between the two groups were statistically significant,and the differences in BMI changes prior to and after treatment within the Insulin Glargine group were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).On the 8th week,the applying dosage of Insulin Glargine in Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group decreased while the applying dosage in Sitagliptin group increased.On the 12th week,the applying dosage of Insulin Glargine in Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group decreased further more,the differences at the same time point between the two groups and the differences prior to and after treatment within the both groups were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Combining Sitagliptin with Insulin Glargine,better control in blood glucose level could be obtained in type Ⅱ diabetes without good blood glucose level control by only giving basal insulin.Besides,the applying does of Insulin Glargin decreases and the blood glucose level is under better control,which decreased the occurrence of Hypoglycemia,hence,treating type Ⅱ diabetes by combining Sitagliptin with Insulin Glargine is safe and effective. 【Key words】 Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Sitagliptin; Basal insulin
First-author’s address:Jingzhou The Third People’s Hospital of Hubei Province,Basic Medical College of Wuhan University,Wuhan 434000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2013.15.010
在糖尿病发生发展过程中,除了B细胞分泌胰岛素具有重要使用外,A细胞分泌的胰升血糖素也很重要。新型抗2型糖尿病治疗药物二肽基肽酶-40(DPP-4)抑制剂磷酸西格列汀片,通过提高糖尿病患者自身胰岛β细胞产生胰岛素的能力,在血糖升高时增加胰岛素的分泌,同时通过A细胞抑制胰升血糖素的分泌[1],从而控制血糖。笔者观察了2010年1月-2011年6月在笔者所在医院应用胰岛素治疗8周以上,但血糖控制不理想的2型糖尿病患者联合使用西格列汀治疗的临床疗效及安全性,报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 120例患者均符合WHO(1999年)2型糖尿病诊断标准,年龄40~70岁,胰岛素治疗8周以上,但血糖控制不理想,空腹血糖≥7.5 mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖≥
10 mmol/L、体重指数>25~32 kg/㎡,不伴有严重心血管和脑血管疾病,严重肝、肾疾病、低蛋白血症及慢性肠道功能紊乱。将所有病例随机分为(胰岛素+西格列汀)组60例,胰岛素组60例。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法 (胰岛素+西格列汀)组在使用基础胰岛素的基础上加用西格列汀100 mg/d口服,根据定期血糖监测情况适时调整胰岛素用量。胰岛素组仍单用胰岛素治疗,根据定期血糖监测情况适时调整胰岛素用量。
1.3 观察指标和测定方法 观察两组治疗8周、12周时的FBG、2 h PG、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、BMI日均胰岛素用量。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 18.0软件分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采取t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组治疗前后各指标比较见表1。
2.2 副作用 低血糖是糖尿病治疗中最见的副作用,胰岛素+西格列汀组发生率10%,胰岛素组发生率33.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低血糖程度均为轻度,通过减少胰岛素量即可。胰岛素+西格列汀组有10例出现饱胀感和食欲下降,但未中断治疗。
3 讨论
肠促胰素,包括胰升糖素样肽1(GLP-1)和肠抑胃肽(GLP),在维持血糖稳定方面起关键作用。临床研究表明,肠促胰素可刺激胰岛素分泌,抑制胰升糖素分泌,这些作用均依赖于葡萄糖。GLP-1还可延缓进食后的胃排空速度,抑制食欲,减少食量。据报道,在临床研究中,肠促胰素可促进B细胞复制和再生,抑制其凋亡,从而改善A细胞功能。研究发现,2型糖尿病患者中的GLP-1维持血糖稳定的功能受到损伤。磷酸西格列汀能够抑制二肽基肽酶的活性,从而使内源性GLP-1免以失活,从而增加活性形式的GLP-1和GIP的血浆浓度。通过增加活性肠促胰岛激素水平,能够以葡萄糖依赖的方式增加胰岛素释放并降低胰高糖素水平。对于2型糖尿病患者而言,上述变化可降低糖化血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)并降低空腹血糖和餐后血糖水平。磷酸西格列汀是一种有效和高度选择性的DPP-4酶抑制剂,通过增强肠促胰岛素轴这一新机制改善血糖的控制[2-3],即可逆性抑制二肽基肽酶,延缓活性肠促胰岛素激素样肽1(GLP-1)的降解,从而降低2型糖尿病患者的空腹血糖餐后血糖和HbA1c水平。GLP-1是目前已知最强的刺激胰岛素释放的物质之一[4],同时GLP-1还能促进新生β细胞的增殖和分化,并减少其凋亡[5-6]对β细胞的保护作用将有助于部分恢复2型糖尿病患者受损的胰岛素分泌功能,同时并不引起低血糖和体重增加。
研究显示,西格列汀单药对糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的降幅可达0.6%~0.9%[7],在亚洲患者中西格列汀对HbA1c的降幅1%[8],对空腹血糖和餐后血糖的降幅分别达1.0~1.9 mmol/L和3.0~3.5 mmol/L[9]。Riche等[10]通过荟萃分析对西格列汀能否改善细胞功能进行了评价,11项涉及3039名患者的分析表明,与安慰剂组相比,西格列汀可显著改善稳态模式评估法胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-B);8项涉及2325名患者的数据表明,西格列汀显著降低胰岛素原/胰岛素比值(PI/IR)水平。本临床观察中可看到,基于肠促胰素的治疗药物可改善血糖控制,降低糖化血红蛋白水平。同时还能提供更多额外益处。尤其是其作用机制具有葡萄糖依赖性,这种特性能够最大程度地降低低血糖发作的风险,使患者更容易接受治疗和调整剂量。从而提供了一种治疗2型糖尿病的好方法。
参考文献
[1] Herman G A,Bergman A,Stevens C,et al.Effectsin of single oral doses sitagliptin,a dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitor,on ineretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].Clin Endocrinol Metab,2006,91(11):4612-4619.
[2] Kim D,Wang L,Beconi M,et al.(2R)-4-oxo-4-[3(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan -2-amine:a pltent,orally acive dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes[J].J Med Chem,2005,48(10):141-151. [3] Drucder D J,Nauck M A.GLP-1R agonists(incretin mimetics)and DPP-4 inhibitors (incretin enhancers) for the treatment of tupe 2 diabetds[J].Lancet,2006,368(9):141-151.
[4] Vilsboll T,Hoist J J.Incretins,insulin secretion and typdiabetes[J].Diabetologia,2004,47(11):357-366.
[5] Wang Q,Li L,Xu E,et al.Glucagon-like peptide-l regulates proliferation and apoptosis visa activation protein kinase B in pancreatic INS-l beta [J].Diabetologia,2004,47(8):478-487.
[6] Stoffers D A.The development of beta-cell mass:recent progress and peoliferation role of GLP-1[J].Horm Res,2004,36(13):811-821.
[7] Raz I,Chen Y,Wu M,et al.Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].Curr Med Res Opin,2008,24(2):537-550.
[8] Nonaka K,Kakikawa T,Sato A,et al.Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin monotherapy in Japanese paticnts with type 2 diabetes[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract,2008,79(2):291-298.
[9] Hermansen K,Kipnes M,Luo E,et al.Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor,sitagliptin,in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin[J].Diabetes Obes Metab,2007,9(5):733-745.
[10] Riche D M,East H E,Riche K D.Lmpact of sitagliptin on markers of beta-cell function:a meta-analysis[J].Am J Med Sci,2009,33(5):321-328.
(收稿日期:2013-02-21) (本文编辑:李静)
【关键词】 2型糖尿病; 西格列汀; 基础胰岛素
Basal Insulin Combined with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Treating Type Ⅱ Diabetes Clinical Observation/WANG Da-li,ZENG Xiao,REN Bi-chi,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2013,10(15):020-022
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the clinical effects of basal insulin (Insulin Glargine,Product Name:Lantus,By:Sanofi-Aventis) combined with Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (Phosphate Sitagliptin,product name:Propharm,By Merck Sharp & Dohme,MSD) in treating type Ⅱ diabetes without good blood glucose level control by only giving basal insulin.Method:120 cases of type Ⅱ diabetes patients which were treated only with basal insulin,with body mass index (BMI)≥26 and not well controlled blood glucose level were randomized into two groups:(Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group,60 cases),in which Sitagliptin was orally taken at a dosage of 100 mg/d besides applying of Insulin Glargine and the does of Insulin Glargine applied was adjusted according to the patients’ blood glucose levels;Insulin Glargine group (60 cases),for which applying of Insulin Glargine was continued.The BMI,fasting blood glucose (FBG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG),Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and the changes in applying does of Insulin Glargine were observed 8 and 12 weeks after treatment.Result:The blood glucose and HbA1C levels decreased in both groups 8 and 12 weeks later.8 weeks after treatment,the BMI of patients in Insulin Glargine group increased,and the BMI in Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group showed insignificant increase.The differences in BMI changed obtained at the same time point between the two groups were statistically significant,and the differences in BMI changes prior to and after treatment within the Insulin Glargine group were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).On the 8th week,the applying dosage of Insulin Glargine in Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group decreased while the applying dosage in Sitagliptin group increased.On the 12th week,the applying dosage of Insulin Glargine in Insulin Glargine+Sitagliptin group decreased further more,the differences at the same time point between the two groups and the differences prior to and after treatment within the both groups were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Combining Sitagliptin with Insulin Glargine,better control in blood glucose level could be obtained in type Ⅱ diabetes without good blood glucose level control by only giving basal insulin.Besides,the applying does of Insulin Glargin decreases and the blood glucose level is under better control,which decreased the occurrence of Hypoglycemia,hence,treating type Ⅱ diabetes by combining Sitagliptin with Insulin Glargine is safe and effective. 【Key words】 Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Sitagliptin; Basal insulin
First-author’s address:Jingzhou The Third People’s Hospital of Hubei Province,Basic Medical College of Wuhan University,Wuhan 434000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2013.15.010
在糖尿病发生发展过程中,除了B细胞分泌胰岛素具有重要使用外,A细胞分泌的胰升血糖素也很重要。新型抗2型糖尿病治疗药物二肽基肽酶-40(DPP-4)抑制剂磷酸西格列汀片,通过提高糖尿病患者自身胰岛β细胞产生胰岛素的能力,在血糖升高时增加胰岛素的分泌,同时通过A细胞抑制胰升血糖素的分泌[1],从而控制血糖。笔者观察了2010年1月-2011年6月在笔者所在医院应用胰岛素治疗8周以上,但血糖控制不理想的2型糖尿病患者联合使用西格列汀治疗的临床疗效及安全性,报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 120例患者均符合WHO(1999年)2型糖尿病诊断标准,年龄40~70岁,胰岛素治疗8周以上,但血糖控制不理想,空腹血糖≥7.5 mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖≥
10 mmol/L、体重指数>25~32 kg/㎡,不伴有严重心血管和脑血管疾病,严重肝、肾疾病、低蛋白血症及慢性肠道功能紊乱。将所有病例随机分为(胰岛素+西格列汀)组60例,胰岛素组60例。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法 (胰岛素+西格列汀)组在使用基础胰岛素的基础上加用西格列汀100 mg/d口服,根据定期血糖监测情况适时调整胰岛素用量。胰岛素组仍单用胰岛素治疗,根据定期血糖监测情况适时调整胰岛素用量。
1.3 观察指标和测定方法 观察两组治疗8周、12周时的FBG、2 h PG、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、BMI日均胰岛素用量。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 18.0软件分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采取t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组治疗前后各指标比较见表1。
2.2 副作用 低血糖是糖尿病治疗中最见的副作用,胰岛素+西格列汀组发生率10%,胰岛素组发生率33.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低血糖程度均为轻度,通过减少胰岛素量即可。胰岛素+西格列汀组有10例出现饱胀感和食欲下降,但未中断治疗。
3 讨论
肠促胰素,包括胰升糖素样肽1(GLP-1)和肠抑胃肽(GLP),在维持血糖稳定方面起关键作用。临床研究表明,肠促胰素可刺激胰岛素分泌,抑制胰升糖素分泌,这些作用均依赖于葡萄糖。GLP-1还可延缓进食后的胃排空速度,抑制食欲,减少食量。据报道,在临床研究中,肠促胰素可促进B细胞复制和再生,抑制其凋亡,从而改善A细胞功能。研究发现,2型糖尿病患者中的GLP-1维持血糖稳定的功能受到损伤。磷酸西格列汀能够抑制二肽基肽酶的活性,从而使内源性GLP-1免以失活,从而增加活性形式的GLP-1和GIP的血浆浓度。通过增加活性肠促胰岛激素水平,能够以葡萄糖依赖的方式增加胰岛素释放并降低胰高糖素水平。对于2型糖尿病患者而言,上述变化可降低糖化血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)并降低空腹血糖和餐后血糖水平。磷酸西格列汀是一种有效和高度选择性的DPP-4酶抑制剂,通过增强肠促胰岛素轴这一新机制改善血糖的控制[2-3],即可逆性抑制二肽基肽酶,延缓活性肠促胰岛素激素样肽1(GLP-1)的降解,从而降低2型糖尿病患者的空腹血糖餐后血糖和HbA1c水平。GLP-1是目前已知最强的刺激胰岛素释放的物质之一[4],同时GLP-1还能促进新生β细胞的增殖和分化,并减少其凋亡[5-6]对β细胞的保护作用将有助于部分恢复2型糖尿病患者受损的胰岛素分泌功能,同时并不引起低血糖和体重增加。
研究显示,西格列汀单药对糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的降幅可达0.6%~0.9%[7],在亚洲患者中西格列汀对HbA1c的降幅1%[8],对空腹血糖和餐后血糖的降幅分别达1.0~1.9 mmol/L和3.0~3.5 mmol/L[9]。Riche等[10]通过荟萃分析对西格列汀能否改善细胞功能进行了评价,11项涉及3039名患者的分析表明,与安慰剂组相比,西格列汀可显著改善稳态模式评估法胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-B);8项涉及2325名患者的数据表明,西格列汀显著降低胰岛素原/胰岛素比值(PI/IR)水平。本临床观察中可看到,基于肠促胰素的治疗药物可改善血糖控制,降低糖化血红蛋白水平。同时还能提供更多额外益处。尤其是其作用机制具有葡萄糖依赖性,这种特性能够最大程度地降低低血糖发作的风险,使患者更容易接受治疗和调整剂量。从而提供了一种治疗2型糖尿病的好方法。
参考文献
[1] Herman G A,Bergman A,Stevens C,et al.Effectsin of single oral doses sitagliptin,a dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitor,on ineretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].Clin Endocrinol Metab,2006,91(11):4612-4619.
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(收稿日期:2013-02-21) (本文编辑:李静)