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1例45岁男性患者因颅内病变行开颅活检术，术后为预防癫痫先给予丙戊酸钠800 mg溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液8 ml静脉推注，继之用该浓度丙戊酸钠溶液以0.6 ml/h的速度持续静脉泵入。给药1 h后，患者血清乳酸水平逐渐升高，最高达到14.7 mmol/L，伴代谢性酸中毒和代偿性呼吸性碱中毒，酸碱度最低7.09，剩余碱最低-26.3，导致患者昏迷。考虑患者的高乳酸血症及代谢性酸中毒可能与丙戊酸钠有关，停用丙戊酸钠，给予5%碳酸氢钠注射液静脉滴注和血液净化治疗。3 d后，患者的乳酸水平恢复正常，代谢性酸中毒基本纠正，神志转清。“,”A 45-year-old male patient underwent craniotomy and biopsy for intracranial lesions. In order to prevent epilepsy, sodium valproate 800 mg dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride injection 8 ml was injected intravenously after operation, and then the sodium valproate solution of this concentration was continuously pumped at a speed of 0.6 ml/h. One hour after administration, the serum lactate level of the patient increased gradually, reaching the highest level of 14.7 mmol/L, accompanied by metabolic acidosis and compensatory respiratory alkalosis, and with the lowest pH of 7.09 and the lowest base excess of -26.3. The patient fell into a coma. The hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis were considered to be related to sodium valproate. Sodium valproate was stopped, intravenous infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate injection and blood purification were given at the same time. After 3 days, the lactate level of the patient returned to normal, metabolic acidosis was basically corrected, and his mind was clear.