人文主义的基本前提之一就是假定稳定的自我的存在 ,弗洛伊德的无意识理论质疑和动摇了这种根基于自我的确定性的人文主义观点。弗洛伊德曾经论述过婴儿的 3种多形态变态 :口欲期、肛门期和生殖器期 ,认为正是俄狄浦斯情结和阉割情结结束了婴儿的多形态变态并创造了“成人”。但是拉康却创造了不同的范畴来描绘这一从婴儿到成人的轨迹。他采用了 3个概念 :需要、要求和欲望 ,分别对应了人发展的 3个领域 :实在、想象和象征。由欲望标志的象征域本身就是语言的结构 ,我们必须进入象征域才能成为说话的主体 ,以便能言说我 (I) ,并以我 (I)制定某些似乎确定的东西 One of the basic prerequisites of humanism is the assumption of a stable ego, and Freud’s unconscious theory questions and shakes this determinative, human-based view of self. Freud once discussed the three polymorphic infants in the baby: the period of anorexia, anus, and genitalia, concluding that it was the Oedipus complex and castration that ended the baby’s polymorphism and created “an adult.” But Lacan has created different categories to portray this trajectory from baby to adult. He adopted three concepts: needs, demands and desires, corresponding to three areas of human development: reality, imagination and symbolism. The symbolic domain symbolized by desire is itself the structure of language, and we must enter the symbolic domain to become the subject of speech in order to be able to say I and to make some seemingly definite