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在孔子的视野里,“名分”是具有政治内涵的一个概念,名分具有使“礼”明确化、符号化的功能。孔子希望通过“正名”来确认或迫使社会承认“礼”的秩序的合理性。因“正名”而产生的政治需求反映在战争领域,就是用战争的手段达致“名正言顺”的目的。以现代战争法的视角解读孔子的“正名”思想会发现,孔子的“名”与开战理由及战争权等战争法范畴密切相关。孔子在诸侯争霸、大夫篡权、陪臣执国命、士大夫越礼逐权的乱世中,深刻洞察到“名”的制约作用,并将其引入对战争行为的指导。直到今天,这些思想对于战争法的发展与完善依然是值得借鉴的。
In Confucius’ vision, “fame ” is a concept with political connotation, and fame has the function of clarifying and symbolizing “courtesy ”. Confucius hopes to confirm or force society to recognize the rationality of “ritual ” through “name ”. The political needs arising from the “correct name” are reflected in the realm of war, that is, the purpose of “justifying” the use of the means of war is achieved. Interpreting Confucius ’s idea of “proper name ” from the perspective of modern war law will reveal that Confucius ’ s “name ” is closely related to the category of war law such as the reason for war and the war. In the chaotic times when princes hegemony, doctor usurpation, accompany with minister to fulfill their country life, the more the doctor and the doctor rite, the Confucius profoundly perceived the restriction of “name ” and introduced it to the guidance of war behavior. Until today, these ideas are still worth learning from the development and improvement of the law of war.