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本文对近代早期英国农民生活水平研究进行评介。首先分析20世纪以来近代早期英国农民生活水平的研究进程。与此同时,在研究上呈现以下新特点:在研究方法上,逐渐摒弃传统史学方法,开始注重跨学科方法的运用;在研究内容上,把近代早期英国农村生活水平与近代早期英国经济、阶级结构等结合起来考察,从近代英国社会的变迁来分析英国农民生活水平的变化;在研究视角上,逐渐采用“自下而上”方法分析下层群体的生活。其次分析了近代早期英国农民生活水平研究中的一些重大问题:农民阶层生活水平分化问题;人口陷阱与农民生活水平的关系问题;以及农业生产与农民生活水平问题。此外本文还分析了近代早期英国农民生活水平研究的缺陷。
This article reviews the study of the living standards of early modern British peasants. First of all, it analyzes the research progress of the living standards of British peasants in early modern time since the 20th century. At the same time, the following new characteristics are presented in the research: On the research methods, we gradually abandon the traditional historiography methods and start to pay attention to the application of interdisciplinary methods. In the content of the study, we compare the rural living standards in early modern England with those of the early modern British economy and class Structure and so on. From the perspective of modern British society, the changes of living standards of British peasants are analyzed. From the perspective of research, the methods of “bottom-up” are gradually adopted to analyze the life of the lower groups. Secondly, it analyzes some major problems in the study of living standards of early modern British peasants: the differentiation of living standards of peasantry; the relationship between population traps and living standards of peasants; and the problems of agricultural production and living standards of peasants. In addition, this article also analyzes the shortcomings of the study of living standards of early modern British peasants.