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目的掌握和了解黄金珠宝首饰加工行业存在的职业病危害因素,为职业病危害预防控制措施的制定提供依据,减少职业病的发生。方法于2015年对深圳市8家黄金珠宝首饰加工企业进行职业卫生现场调查,通过对职业病危害因素的检测,评价该行业存在的职业病危害因素及危害程度。结果该行业在劳动过程中主要存在粉尘,正庚烷、正己烷、三氯甲烷、1,2二氯乙烷和苯等化学性有害因素以及噪声和激光辐射物理性有害因素。8家黄金珠宝首饰加工企业接害员工共计930人次,其中接触粉尘371人,占比39.9%,接触化学毒物359人,占比38.6%,接触噪声191人,占比20.5%,接触激光辐射9人,占比1.0%。共检测职业病危害因素作业点数266个,合格点数262个,合格率为98.5%,其中粉尘(矽尘)超标点3个,噪声超标点1个。结论黄金珠宝首饰加工企业在生产过程中存在大量职业病危害因素,属于职业病危害较重的项目,用人单位应加强职业病防治管理工作,预防职业病的发生。
Objective To understand and understand the hazards of occupational diseases in the gold jewelery processing industry and provide a basis for the prevention and control measures of occupational hazards to reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases. Methods In 2015, 8 domestic gold jewelery processing enterprises in Shenzhen were investigated for occupational health. By testing the occupational hazards, the occupational hazards and the degree of harm in this industry were evaluated. As a result, chemical, harmful factors such as dust, n-heptane, n-hexane, trichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene, as well as physical and harmful factors of noise and laser radiation, were mainly present in the industry. 8 gold jewelry processing enterprises received a total of 930 employees, of which 371 were exposed to dust, accounting for 39.9%; 359 were exposed to chemical poisons, accounting for 38.6%; 191 were exposed to noise, accounting for 20.5%; and the laser radiation exposure 9 People, accounting for 1.0%. A total of 266 occupational hazards were detected, with 262 passing points and a passing rate of 98.5%. Among them, there were 3 over-standard points of dust (silica dust) and 1 over-standard point of noise. Conclusion Gold jewelry processing enterprises in the production process there are a large number of occupational hazards that belong to the occupational hazards of heavy projects, employers should strengthen the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases management, prevention of occupational diseases.