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目的:探讨有氧运动联合膳食控制对2型糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响及其机制。方法:选用6周龄雄性SD大鼠62只,随机抽取8只大鼠作为正常对照组(Control,C组),其余大鼠在喂饲高脂膳食的基础上腹腔注射小剂量的STZ复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,并给予有氧运动锻炼或/和膳食控制,13周后测定大鼠的血液流变性以及血糖(FPG)、糖化血清蛋白(Glycated Serum Proteins,GSP)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的含量。结果:①2型糖尿病大鼠模型建立后第13周,与C组相比,DMC组大鼠全血中切粘度、血浆粘度、全血高切还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数均显著性升高,ESR和红细胞变性指数显著降低。双因素方差分析显示,12周的游泳训练可使2型糖尿病大鼠不同切变率下的全血粘度值均有所降低,其中切变率为1的全血粘度值差异显著(P<0.05);高切还原粘度和低切还原粘度(P<0.01)和ESR(P=0.05)显著升高;红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.01),血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数都有所改善,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而膳食控制后2型糖尿病大鼠红细胞聚集指数显著降低,其他指标均有所改善,但无显著性差异。有氧运动联合饮食控制对进一步降低2型糖尿病大鼠全血低切粘度、血浆粘度、全血高切、低切还原粘度以及细胞聚集指数,进一步升高ESR和红细胞变形指数,具有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。②与C组相比,DMC组FPG、GSP以及TC、TG含量均极显著性升高。双因素方差分析显示,有氧运动能显著降低T2DM大鼠FPG、GSP和TC含量,但不能显著降低TG含量。膳食控制能显著降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清GSP、TG和TC含量。有氧运动联合膳食控制对进一步降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清TC含量具有显著的交互作用,但对进一步降低2型糖尿病大鼠FPG、GSP和TG含量无显著的交互作用。结论:①2型糖尿病大鼠血液出现高粘滞血症,表现为浓、凝、聚、粘状态。有氧运动可以改善2型糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性,降低血液的高粘滞状态;单纯的膳食控制对改善2型糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性效果不大;在一定程度上有氧运动联合膳食对改善2型糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性效果更大。②糖脂代谢的紊乱是导致糖尿病大鼠高粘滞血症的重要机制,长期的有氧运动和膳食控制可以通过改善糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱改善血液的流变性。
Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise combined with dietary control on hemorrheology in type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism. Methods: Totally 62 male 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (Control group) and control group (C). The other rats were given low-fat STZ replication 2 Type diabetic rat model and given aerobic exercise or / and diet control. After 13 weeks, the rats were hemorheologically determined, and blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated serum proteins (GSP), triglycerides ) And total cholesterol (TC) content. Results: ①In the 13th week after the establishment of type 2 diabetic rat model, compared with group C, the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index and erythrocyte rigidity index of DMC group were significantly Elevated, ESR and erythrocyte degeneration index decreased significantly. Two-way ANOVA showed that 12-week swimming training reduced whole blood viscosity at different shear rates in type 2 diabetic rats, with a significant difference (P <0.05) in whole blood viscosity at a shear rate of 1 ); High shear reduction viscosity and low shear reduction viscosity (P <0.01) and ESR (P = 0.05) were significantly increased; erythrocyte aggregation index was significantly lower (P <0.01); plasma viscosity, hematocrit, erythrocyte rigidity index, Deformation index has improved, but no significant difference (P> 0.05). After dietary control, the index of erythrocyte aggregation in type 2 diabetic rats was significantly decreased, and other indexes were improved, but no significant difference was found. The combination of aerobic exercise and diet control can significantly reduce the low blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood high-cut, low-cut reduced viscosity and cell aggregation index in type 2 diabetic rats and further increase the ESR and erythrocyte deformation index (P <0.05). ② Compared with group C, the content of FPG, GSP, TC and TG in DMC group increased significantly. Two-way ANOVA showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced FPG, GSP and TC contents in T2DM rats, but not significantly reduced TG content. Dietary control can significantly reduce serum levels of GSP, TG and TC in type 2 diabetic rats. There was a significant interaction between aerobic exercise and dietary control on further decreasing serum TC in type 2 diabetic rats, but there was no significant interaction between FPA, GSP and TG in type 2 diabetic rats. Conclusion: ① hyperviscosity in the blood of type 2 diabetic rats is manifested as concentration, coagulation, aggregation and viscous state. Aerobic exercise can improve the blood rheology of type 2 diabetic rats and reduce the high viscosity state of the blood; simple dietary control has little effect on improving the hemorrheology of type 2 diabetic rats; to a certain extent, Meal improves blood rheology of type 2 diabetic rats more effectively. ② The disorder of glycolipid metabolism is an important mechanism leading to hyperviscosity in diabetic rats. Long-term aerobic exercise and dietary control can improve the blood rheology by improving the disturbance of glycolipid metabolism in diabetic rats.