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目的研究不同阶段母乳中唾液酸(sialic acid,SA)和铁的含量,为乳儿喂养和辅食添加及其神经发育评估提供科学依据。方法收集473份母乳(初乳191份,过渡乳115份,成熟乳109份和晚乳58份),母乳SA水平检测采用神经氨酸苷酶法,铁检测采用亚铁嗪法。组间SA水平比较采用方差分析,铁的比较采用非参数检验,相关性采用Pearson相关分析法。结果初乳SA平均浓度(1671.8±641.6)mg/L;过渡乳(1398.1±390.8)mg/L;成熟乳(419.5±292.0)mg/L,晩乳(262.8±80.9)mg/L,初乳SA水平显著高于过渡乳,过渡乳SA水平显著高于成熟乳,后者又显著高于晩乳(F=5.55,P=0.001)。初乳铁含量中位数0.07 mg/L,过渡乳0.09mg/L,成熟乳0.17 mg/L,晩乳0.21mg/L,初乳铁含量显著低于过渡乳(Z=2.61,P=0.009),过渡乳又显著低于成熟乳(Z=6.30,P<0.001),后者又显著低于晩乳(Z=2.87,P=0.004)。母乳中SA含量与月龄负相关(r=-0.677,P<0.001),铁含量与月龄正相关(r=0.333,P<0.001)。结论母乳中SA浓度随着月龄的增加逐渐下降,而铁的含量随着日龄的增加逐渐增高。
Objective To study the content of sialic acid (SA) and iron in breast milk at different stages and provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of infant feeding and food supplement and neurological development. Methods 473 breast milk samples (colostrum 191 parts, transitional milk 115 parts, mature milk 109 parts and late milk 58 parts) were collected. The level of SA in breast milk was detected by neuraminidase method, ferrous test was used in iron detection. ANOVA was used to compare SA levels between groups, non-parametric test was used to compare iron and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation. Results The average concentration of SA in colostrum was (1671.8 ± 641.6) mg / L, that of transitional milk was (1398.1 ± 390.8) mg / L, that of mature milk was (419.5 ± 292.0) mg / L, The SA level was significantly higher than that of the transitional milk. The SA level of transitional milk was significantly higher than that of mature milk, which was significantly higher than that of milk (F = 5.55, P = 0.001). The iron content in colostrum was 0.07 mg / L, 0.09 mg / L in transitional milk, 0.17 mg / L in mature milk and 0.21 mg / L in lactating milk respectively. The content of iron in colostrum was significantly lower than that in transitional milk (Z = 2.61, ), The transitional milk was significantly lower than mature milk (Z = 6.30, P <0.001), which was significantly lower than that of milk (Z = 2.87, P = 0.004). The content of SA in breast milk was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.677, P <0.001). The iron content was positively correlated with age (r = 0.333, P <0.001). Conclusion The concentration of SA in breast milk gradually decreases with the increase of age, while the content of iron increases with the increase of age.