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森林采伐是森林经营过程中的一类常见作业,而森林重要生态过程都离不开林地表层(土壤及覆盖物),为此,理解和把握森林采伐对林地表层的影响对于合理经营和管理森林生态系统,实现生态系统的可持续发展等具有重要意义。本文在简单回顾了采伐对森林组成、结构及其功能的影响基础上;介绍了森林采伐对林地表层温度、湿度、土壤结构、pH值、养分(C、N、P、S)等理化特性的影响;分析了土壤生物对森林采伐的反馈过程;阐述了森林采伐对林地水文、C、N转化等生态过程的作用。最后,从研究方法、研究目标和研究内容三个方面提出森林采伐影响林地表层研究的发展趋势,指出森林采伐的边缘效应和空间异质性;森林采伐后土壤生物的响应;森林采伐后的水、C、N转化和循环等生态过程及其耦合作用是目前及今后研究的三大热点。
Forest harvesting is a kind of common operation in the process of forest management. However, the important ecological processes of forests are inseparable from the surface layer of soils (soils and coverings). Therefore, to understand and grasp the impact of deforestation on the surface layer of forests is essential for the rational management and management of forests Ecosystem, to achieve the sustainable development of ecosystems and other important. Based on the simple review of the impact of cutting on the composition, structure and function of forest, this paper introduced the effects of deforestation on physical and chemical properties such as temperature, humidity, soil structure, pH, nutrients (C, N, P, S) The feedback process of soil organism to forest harvesting was analyzed. The effect of forest harvesting on the ecological processes of forest land hydrology, C, N transformation was also discussed. Finally, the paper presents the trend of research on the impact of deforestation on the surface of forest land from the aspects of research methods, research objectives and research contents, points out the marginal effect and spatial heterogeneity of deforestation, the response of soil organisms after deforestation, , C, N transformation and recycling of ecological processes and their coupling is the current and future research of the three hot spots.