文章一开头用“臣以险衅,夙遭闵凶”两句总领全篇,不仅对作者自己生不逢时,命运多舛,常有不幸作了概述,又为下文历数自己种种遭遇作了提示。他出生六个月,其父就去世,而他四岁时,舅父又强迫他的母亲何氏改嫁。父丧母嫁,使他小小年纪就失去双亲,无所依靠。而他的身体又极度虚弱,“少多疾病,九岁不行,零丁孤苦,至于成立”。他的生活环境又非常寂寞“既无叔伯,终鲜兄弟,门衰祚薄,晚有儿息。外无期功强近之亲,内无应门五尺之僮。茕茕孑立,形影相吊”。人丁稀少,形单影只,这些都表现了他既孤且苦的生活。 At the beginning of the article, “Chen to be aggressive, 夙 suffered Min fierce,” the two generals, not only for the author at his own time, fate, often unfortunate overview, but also for the following calendar his own experience The tips. His father died just six months after he was born, and when he was four, Uncle forced his mother, Ho, to remarry. Father and mother married, so that he lost his parents a young age, nothing to rely on. And his body is extremely weak, “a small number of diseases, nine years old, lonely and lonely, as established.” His living environment is very lonely. "There is no uncles and novices, no chances for success, no interest in late life. The sparsely populated, single-form only shows his lonely and bitter life.