本文用组织学和免疫组织化学方法对１５例经肝穿刺证实的中、重度慢性乙型病毒性肝炎病人的结肠粘膜进行了免疫病理学研究。发现该组病人结肠粘膜固有层淋巴细胞增多，上皮间淋巴细胞减少；ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ８＋细胞增多，ＣＤ４＋细胞变化不大；少量上皮细胞有ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的表达。提示有轻度炎症反应，但炎症程度远不如非特异性结肠炎，且有质的不同。这种轻度炎症反应与中、重度慢性肝炎病人结肠粘膜机械屏障受损、抗原刺激粘膜免疫系统导致局部免疫状态发生改变有关。 In this paper, histopathology and immunohistochemical methods of 15 cases of liver biopsy confirmed by moderate and severe chronic hepatitis B patients with mucosal immunopathology study. Found that the group of patients with colonic mucosa lamina propria lymphocytes, epithelial lymphocytes decreased; CD3 +, CD8 + cells increased, CD4 + cells did not change much; a small amount of epithelial cells have HLA-DR expression. Tip mild inflammation, but the extent of inflammation is far less than non-specific colitis, and the qualitative difference. This mild inflammatory reaction is associated with impaired mechanical barrier of colonic mucosa in patients with moderate or severe chronic hepatitis, and changes in local immune status caused by antigen-stimulated mucosal immune system.