航空、铁路和汽车等领域的关键系统往往需要经过正式的安全认证过程。正式的安全认证过程的目的就是确保上述关键系统将会安全工作,对于用户、公众或者环境并不产生任何不当风险。对于安全性的保证一般通过对于安全标准的标准符合性实现。证明对于安全标准的标准符合性包括提供表明符合安全标准的安全准则的证据。为了应对大型关键系统的结构复杂性和由此产生的证明标准符合性需要证据信息的数量巨大性,安全人员需要有助于将证据信息划分成各种证据类型,以及安排证据的结构、进行证据的深入评估。本文建立对于属于安全证据的信息、痕迹进行分类的分类体系,并且审查现有安全证据组织和评估技巧,然后研究作为学术文献研究对象的有关挑战。此外本文分析不同应用领域的研究结果的共性,讨论研究结果对于研究和实践的影响。 Critical systems in the aerospace, railroad and automotive fields often require formal safety certification. The purpose of a formal security certification process is to ensure that the above critical systems will work safely and not pose any undue risk to users, the public or the environment. The assurance of safety is generally achieved by standard conformance to safety standards. Proof of compliance with standards for safety standards includes evidence of safety guidelines that demonstrate compliance with safety standards. In response to the sheer volume of evidential information needed to meet the structural complexity of large critical systems and the attestation of the resulting standards resulting therefrom, security personnel need to be able to facilitate the classification of evidential information into a variety of evidentiary types, as well as arranging evidence structures In-depth assessment. This article establishes a classification system that categorizes the information and traces that belong to security evidence and examines the existing security evidence organization and assessment techniques and then studies the related challenges that are the subject of academic literature. In addition, this article analyzes the commonalities of the research results in different application areas and discusses the impact of the research results on the research and practice.