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应用解剖学、组织学和组织化学方法,对贝氏高原鳅(Triplophysa bleekeri)消化系统的胚后发育进行观察。结果表明,贝氏高原鳅仔、稚鱼呈线性生长趋势。仔鱼出膜后1～2 d为内源性营养阶段,3 d进入混合营养阶段,15 d进入外源性营养阶段。初孵仔鱼口凹已经出现,出膜后3 d与外界相通,9 d口咽腔基本发育完成。8 d食道发育基本完成。初孵仔鱼消化道雏形已现,但胃肠未明显分化。出膜后64 d胃小凹处出现胃腺,胃消化功能基本完备。初孵仔鱼肠道已经分化,出膜后27 d肠基本发育完成。初孵仔鱼具有肝前体,出膜后2 d肝细胞开始分化,7 d肝中出现明显的中央静脉和肝细胞索,肝组织结构与成体差异不大。3 d肝前端出现胰组织,4 d具有胰雏形,5 d完整胰出现,胰腺细胞之间具有大量嗜曙红酶原颗粒物质;9 d胰岛出现,胰组织基本发育完成。64 d消化系统各部分组织结构发育基本完成。贝氏高原鳅消化道的形态发育需要很长的时间,出膜后64 d胃肠仅前端膨大,无任何弯曲;85 d胃与食道呈直角弯曲后下行,但胃肠无明显分界;120 d胃弯曲为“Z”形后笔直下行,胃肠仍无明显分界,肝为一整体,未见分叶。1龄幼鱼,消化系统解剖结构与成鱼相似,但肝缺少右叶,肠缺少胃背面的圆环形弯曲。贝氏高原鳅消化系统的胚后发育特点和仔鱼的营养方式可能体现了长江以南地区冬天繁殖鱼类消化系统胚后发育的一般规律和仔鱼的营养趋势。
The post-embryonic development of the digestive system Triplophysa bleekeri was observed using anatomical, histological and histochemical methods. The results showed that the Betula plateau loach, juvenile showed a linear growth trend. The larvae were exposed to the endogenous nutrition stage 1 to 2 days after they were out of the membrane, entered the mixed nutrition stage on the 3rd day, and entered the exogenous nutrition stage on the 15th day. The newly hatched larvae have emerged, 3 days after the membrane connected with the outside world, 9 d oropharyngeal basic development is completed. 8 d esophageal development basically completed. Early embryo larva digestive prototype has been, but no significant gastrointestinal differentiation. Gastric gland appeared on the gastric cavity at 64 d after operation and the digestive function of the stomach was basically complete. The newly hatched larvae ’s gut have been differentiated, and the basic development of the gut is completed 27 days after the filming. The newly hatched larvae had hepatic precursors, and hepatocytes started to differentiate 2 days after the operation. Significant central veins and hepatocellular cord appeared on day 7 after hepatectomy. There was no significant difference in hepatic tissue structure and adult. Pancreatic tissues appeared on the 3-day front of the liver, with pancreatic shape on the 4th day, and intact pancreas on the 5th day. There was a large amount of thromboplastin particles between the pancreatic cells. The pancreatic islets appeared on the 9th day and the basic development of the pancreas was completed. 64 d digestive system basically completed the development of organizational structure. The morphological development of digestive tract of M. cylindrica took a long time. Only 64 days after the operation, the gastrointestinal tract expanded only without any bending. On the 85th day, the stomach and esophagus were bent at a right angle and then descended, Stomach bending as “Z ” shape straight down, gastrointestinal still no obvious boundaries, the liver as a whole, no lobulation. First-instar larvae, digestive system and adult fish similar to the anatomy, but the lack of right lobe of liver, intestine lack of circular curvature of the back of the stomach. The embryo developmental characteristics and larval nourishment of Digestive system of Misugate Hippophae pallens may reflect the general rules of post-embryonic development and the nutritional trend of larval fish in winter in south of Yangtze River.